0:00

This episode is brought to

0:02

you by Colorado Northwestern Community

0:04

College. Join them for two

0:06

weeks digging up dinosaur bones

0:08

from the Jurassic period in

0:11

Northwest Colorado this summer. For

0:13

details, go to CNCC.ed.EDU slash

0:15

Dino Dig. Hello

0:23

and welcome to I-no-dino. Keep

0:25

up with the latest dinosaur

0:28

discoveries and science with us.

0:30

I'm Garrett. And I'm Sabrina.

0:32

And today in our 529th

0:35

episode, we're doing a Dino

0:37

Dules competition. Basically,

0:39

it is similar to

0:41

a certain tournament, which shall

0:44

remain nameless because it

0:46

is trademarked with very

0:48

litigious... enthusiastic lawyers

0:50

involved that happens in the

0:53

spring. Happens in the third month of

0:55

the year. Yes. That involves brackets. So

0:57

basically it's going to be a

0:59

fun competition where you can predict

1:02

which dinosaurs will win in a

1:04

head-to-head match-up and then we'll have

1:06

voting going on on our patron.

1:08

We're just using patron so we

1:10

can make sure people aren't voting

1:13

a whole bunch for the one

1:15

that they want to win. And

1:17

then... If you have the best

1:19

bracket, you'll be able to win

1:21

a price. Yes, and you can be

1:23

a paid or free member of our

1:26

patron to participate. No purchase

1:28

necessary. This is also the

1:30

last probably episode that we're

1:33

pre-recording before our parental leave.

1:35

So next time you hear

1:38

from us, we might be really tired.

1:40

Well, also probably have a lot

1:42

of news to catch up on.

1:44

Yes, that is very true. but

1:46

we'll be continuing with this bracket

1:48

of dinosaur duels because if you've ever

1:50

seen how any of these single elimination

1:53

tournaments go, you know, everybody

1:55

goes through the first round and

1:57

then there's got to be

1:59

a second round, third round.

2:01

round, fourth round in this case.

2:03

So there will be 16

2:05

dinosaurs to start out with.

2:07

A sweet 16, you could say,

2:10

because that's the one that

2:12

isn't trademarked. Yes. We also have

2:14

our Dinosaur of the Day, Kumnoria,

2:17

which is another dinosaur that

2:19

was considered to be Camposaurus for

2:21

a while, and a fun fact

2:23

that's related to this Dino

2:26

Dules competition. To sports. to basketball.

2:28

John Wooden is the most successful

2:30

coach in the history of

2:32

college basketball and he guided UCLA

2:35

to 10 national championships but one

2:37

of his streaks was broken

2:39

by a dinosaur. Duh-duh-duh. When an

2:42

eagle swooped in and stole the

2:44

basketball right out of his

2:46

hand. You're not on the

2:48

right track. We'll get to it.

2:50

But before we get into

2:52

all of that, we have some

2:55

patrons to thank, and they are

2:57

Micah Marcos Music, Yiddit, D.C.

2:59

Cassandra, Big Sheep, Daniel McGill, Zeno

3:02

Rama, Dino Dork, Darren and Miss

3:04

Olive, Wayne, and Joaquin. Yes,

3:06

thank you so much for being

3:08

part of our Dino at all

3:11

community, and we especially appreciate

3:13

everybody who's been part of our

3:15

community while we've been taking some

3:18

time off. Yes. And like

3:20

Sabrina said earlier, if you want

3:22

to vote on these Dino duels,

3:24

then you should join our

3:26

patron. You can join as a

3:29

free member to vote. It's really

3:31

just to make sure. It's

3:33

the easiest way we could

3:35

come up with to do voting,

3:38

which is well validated into

3:40

not a lot of people submitting

3:42

multiple responses. And you can do

3:45

all that at patron.com slash,

3:47

I know Dino. Of course, if

3:49

you join one of the paid

3:51

tiers, you get a lot

3:53

of perks, too. It is March.

3:56

March. Like you said, Garrett, we're

3:58

celebrating with a friendly Dino-Dool.

4:00

competition. And again, if that

4:02

reminds you of a

4:05

certain annual basketball-related event

4:07

in the US, then so be it.

4:09

We're starting with 16 of the sweetest

4:11

dinosaurs. The sweet 16.

4:13

Yes. And they represent each

4:15

of the three periods of

4:18

the Mesozoic. Specifically, we've broken

4:20

them down into late Triassic

4:22

slash early Jurassic, early Cretaceous,

4:25

and late Cretaceous. They happen

4:27

to be... Also, the most popular

4:29

dinosaurs on our YouTube channel. So

4:31

you'll probably recognize them all, some

4:34

are more famous than others, and

4:36

we'll announce all of them in just a

4:38

moment. But first, we're going to go over

4:40

how all this works. Yes. Yeah. It was

4:42

fun putting together the top 16. We

4:44

looked through a few different ways to

4:46

pick the top 16 dinosaurs. One thought

4:48

I had was we could just do

4:51

the first 16 episodes that we recorded,

4:53

because those are... 16 of the most popular

4:55

dinosaurs. But then we came up

4:57

with, what about just doing the

4:59

16 most popular dinosaurs in our

5:01

catalog? It's a little confusing if

5:03

you use our regular episodes because

5:05

that's mixed in with interviews and

5:07

news and all sorts of stuff.

5:09

So it's hard to tell which dinosaur the

5:12

days were the most popular, but on

5:14

our YouTube channel we separate them out

5:16

individually. So I went through and pulled

5:18

out the top 16 from there and

5:20

it is really weird. Like I said, some

5:22

are very recognizable. A couple

5:24

of them, but most of them are

5:27

not the ones I would have picked.

5:29

Because I think what happens is we

5:31

just have good SEO for some of

5:33

these dinosaurs that aren't in a lot

5:35

of other YouTube videos. So if you

5:37

search for this dinosaur, our thing is

5:40

the top hit. And sometimes they're really

5:42

weird dinosaurs. So yeah, I

5:44

had to look up some of them

5:46

to remember which part of the Mesozoic

5:48

they were in. picked the top four

5:50

from I wanted to do Triassic, Jurassic,

5:52

early Cretaceous, late Cretaceous, but there are

5:54

so few Triassic to choose from that

5:56

I got to three and then you

5:58

had to go so far down the

6:00

list to get a fourth one that

6:02

I ended up just pulled in one

6:04

from the early Jurassic and that's why

6:07

we have the weird Triassic slash early

6:09

Jurassic and then middle late Jurassic and

6:11

then there are so many from the

6:13

early and late Cretaceous that those are

6:15

separate. Another way to look at it

6:17

is we're keeping it interesting. Yeah and

6:19

it's kind of like how tournaments go

6:21

right there's always a couple that you

6:23

really expect to be there and then

6:25

there's a lot of oddballs and it's

6:27

like wow look at them making the

6:29

tournament the tournament good for them good

6:31

for them. So for our Dino Duels

6:33

competition as we're calling it, the bracket

6:35

is now available. It's a bit on

6:37

y slash Dino Duels brackets, or you

6:40

can get there by going to bit

6:42

out y slash Dino Duels rules. That's

6:44

the rules page. I really like that,

6:46

URL. So the brackets have to be

6:48

completed within six days after this publishes.

6:50

That's on March 11th, 2025. And really

6:52

what I should say is that the

6:54

Google form needs to be completed within

6:56

six days after this publishes because it

6:58

wasn't an easy way to get a

7:00

bracket with a bunch of dinosaur names.

7:02

to automatically select winners. So the best

7:04

way I could come up with is

7:06

to do it in a Google form.

7:08

But if you try to pick the

7:11

winners of 15 contests with a whole

7:13

bunch of options, it's very messy. So

7:15

what I would recommend is making the

7:17

bracket using bit out Y slash Dino

7:19

Dual's bracket, and then there's a link

7:21

right in there to the Google form.

7:23

And then you can click over to

7:25

that and actually put in the ones

7:27

that you decided using the bracket using

7:29

the bracket. It's a little bit more

7:31

than I wanted. I was trying to

7:33

figure out a way to do it

7:35

in one step, but I think that's

7:37

the cleanest and easiest because I know

7:39

everybody will have access to Google forms.

7:41

We use that all the time, so

7:44

I wanted to stick with that to

7:46

make it accessible to everybody and not

7:48

use some weird software you might not

7:50

be able to get into. So there

7:52

are going to be four rounds of

7:54

the Dino duels. The first one is

7:56

going to start with six. 16 dinosaurs

7:58

and every one that you pick right

8:00

will give you one point. So if

8:02

you pick all eight of the winners

8:04

correct, you will get eight points. That's

8:06

going to start right after the next

8:08

episode comes out. So it'll go March

8:10

12th to March 14th. That's when the

8:12

voting will be live on our patron

8:15

because there isn't an easy way to

8:17

decide which dinosaur would just win. There's

8:19

no right answer. And really you can

8:21

vote for it on any criteria you

8:23

want. You can pick it because you

8:25

like it the best. You could pick

8:27

it because you think it would win

8:29

in a fight. You could pick it

8:31

because you think it's cooler or it

8:33

had more interesting teeth or the fossil

8:35

discovery was from the country or state

8:37

that you're in. There's no rules for

8:39

how you vote for the dinosaur you

8:41

want to win when we have the

8:43

polls on our patron. They're just going

8:45

to be very short periods, just a

8:48

couple days each, so that we have

8:50

time to record who the winner is

8:52

and then set up the next poll

8:54

for the next week. Because as the

8:56

tournament goes on, a lot of these

8:58

dinosaurs are going to be getting eliminated

9:00

until you finally have just the one

9:02

winner. The one to rule them all.

9:04

Yep. And just to round it out

9:06

for clarity. when we're down to eight

9:08

dinosaurs each of those that you pick

9:10

right you'll get two points we're down

9:12

to four dinosaurs each of those you

9:14

pick right you'll get four points and

9:16

when we're down to two dinosaurs in

9:19

the championship you'll get eight points if

9:21

you pick that one right so at

9:23

each round level there are eight possible

9:25

points but obviously if you pick the

9:27

champion that's better than just picking one

9:29

that won one of the earlier rounds

9:31

probably familiar with that if you've ever

9:33

filled out a bracket before so if

9:35

you win that's the big question Why

9:37

would you want to win? You will

9:39

get six months of our triceratops here

9:41

on our patron for free. I guess

9:43

that's another good reason to sign up

9:45

on our patron. Because if you just

9:47

fill out the bracket and then don't

9:49

sign up for free on the patron,

9:52

I don't know how you're going to

9:54

get the free triceratops here. You'll be

9:56

well set up. Yeah. And if you're

9:58

already a patron, you will also... get

10:00

six months of the triceratops

10:02

tier. I'm pretty sure you can do

10:04

that. If not, we'll figure out a

10:07

different prize of equal value. Yes. But

10:09

that's the plan as of now. Unfortunately,

10:12

since this is officially a sweepstakes,

10:14

we can only offer it in

10:17

the US, Canada, except Quebec, and

10:19

the UK. I'm sorry that we can't

10:21

offer the sweepstakes in Quebec, Australia,

10:23

or Europe, where I know we

10:25

have a fair number of listeners.

10:28

I tried really hard to find

10:30

a way to make the sweepstakes

10:32

available everywhere that we have listeners,

10:34

but unfortunately a lot of jurisdictions

10:37

put up barriers that as a two-person

10:39

team, we just can't manage to deal

10:41

with. So, for example, in case

10:44

you're wondering, with Quebec... I was

10:46

really excited to see that in

10:48

late 2023 they repealed their rules

10:50

requiring posting a bond and registering

10:52

with their government in order to

10:54

do a sweepstakes there, but unfortunately

10:56

they still require everything to be

10:59

translated into French and we don't speak

11:01

French so we can't comply with the

11:03

Quebec regulations to do a sweepstakes there,

11:05

which is a bummer. I was so

11:07

excited I was Googling it and I

11:09

saw that. I was like, yeah, we

11:11

can finally add Quebec, but unfortunately we

11:13

can't. Maybe another time. Yes. And then

11:15

with Australia, they require the sweepstakes

11:18

to be based in Australia. Obviously,

11:20

we can't do that since we're

11:23

in the US. And for Europe,

11:25

some countries ban sweepstakes, others have

11:27

country-specific laws that we can't feasibly

11:30

comply with. Most of those are

11:32

translating everything into the official

11:34

language of that country, and

11:36

we don't speak any languages fluently

11:38

other than English. So, unfortunately,

11:40

we can't do that outside

11:42

of the UK. So, we're left

11:44

with the US-U-K in Canada,

11:46

except Quebec. But, even though you can't

11:49

officially enter the contest, you

11:51

could still fill out a

11:54

bracket on bit.l-y-slash-dino-dules bracket

11:56

and just see how you do. Get

11:58

bragging rights. Exactly. So

12:00

just a quick reminder, if you

12:02

want to fill out your bracket

12:04

to figure out who you think

12:06

is going to win the whole

12:08

championship That's the easiest way to

12:11

do it because you go through

12:13

the process of elimination You can

12:15

do that at bit on ly

12:17

slash dino duels bracket And then

12:19

if you want to fill out

12:21

the Google form in order to

12:23

officially enter the contest, you can

12:25

do that at bit l y

12:27

slash dino duels picks We'll have

12:29

these links in our show notes

12:31

as well. Yes, and that They're

12:33

linked to each other everywhere too.

12:35

So if you go to one

12:37

of them, you should be able

12:39

to get to the other two

12:41

as well. And then if you

12:43

want the complete rules, they are

12:45

at bit.ly slash dynamo-dules rules. I'd

12:47

love saying that so much. And

12:49

we will talk about the dinosaurs

12:51

that we'll be doing in just

12:53

a moment, but first we're going

12:55

to take a quick break for

12:58

our sponsors. This episode is brought

13:00

to you by Colorado Northwestern Community

13:02

College. You can learn from the

13:04

experts there this summer. Yeah, both

13:06

in the field and in the

13:08

lab. Paleontologists there will guide you

13:10

through the process of taking dinosaurs

13:12

from the rock to a museum-ready

13:14

showpiece. Yeah, you'll learn the proper

13:16

techniques for handling some of the

13:18

world's most valuable objects, in my

13:20

opinion, dinosaur fossils. No need to

13:22

panic, because you'll know the proper

13:24

techniques. Yeah. I guess it's not

13:26

just my opinion. They are extremely

13:28

valuable specimens. In the field, this

13:30

includes identifying fossils, digging them, stabilizing

13:32

them, and jacking them for transport.

13:34

In the lab, it means separating

13:36

the rock from the bone, using

13:38

an air scribe, and preserving them

13:40

for future generations. They're sure to

13:43

be surprises both in the field

13:45

and in the lab, and having

13:47

experts to help problem solve is

13:49

invaluable. Yes, and because you can

13:51

learn so much in this program,

13:53

you can get up to eight

13:55

college credits, if you're interested. So

13:57

head over to CNCC.e-U slash Dinodig.

13:59

to get all the details and

14:01

make sure you register online by

14:03

May 31st. Again that's CNCC.E.D.D. So

14:05

now onto the dinosaurs that will

14:07

be dueling. I'll start with the

14:09

picks for the late Triassic slash

14:11

early Jurassic. We've got our first

14:13

seed, Gjurisaurus, versus the fourth one,

14:15

Eoraptor. Yeah, we're following the same

14:17

standard protocol of the top ranked.

14:19

team or in this case dinosaur

14:21

versus the lowest ranked because that's

14:23

how they usually do it in

14:25

theory it's supposed to give the

14:27

advantage to the top ranked one

14:30

so you're supposed to get a

14:32

little bit of a benefit if

14:34

you did really well in the

14:36

regular season when you're getting to

14:38

the playoffs but In this case,

14:40

it's super weird because like I

14:42

was saying, those YouTube views, even

14:44

if you're the most viewed thing

14:46

in our YouTube channel, it seems

14:48

to have little to nothing to

14:50

do with how popular of a

14:52

dinosaur it actually is. So it

14:54

comes up with some interesting matchups

14:56

that you wouldn't expect. Yes. So

14:58

yeah, all of these dinosaurs, we

15:00

covered in our Dinosaur of the

15:02

Day at some point, but you

15:04

know, we're coming up to 530

15:06

episodes. That's a lot of dinosaur

15:08

of the days and... I understand

15:10

if you don't remember them all.

15:12

I don't remember all of them.

15:14

I'll give a brief overview here.

15:17

Gojurisaurus was a seal of physoid

15:19

that lived in the Triassic and

15:21

what is now New Mexico in

15:23

the U.S. It was our dinosaur

15:25

of the day back in episode

15:27

165. The genus named Gojurisaurus means

15:29

Godzilla lizard, although it may be

15:31

a dubious genus. So why pick

15:33

Gojurisaurus? Well. It was one of

15:35

the largest carnivores of the Triassic.

15:37

It was estimated to be about

15:39

18 feet or 5.5 meters long,

15:41

though it may have gotten even

15:43

bigger. That's pretty big for the

15:45

Triassic. Mm-hmm. I always think of

15:47

Gojurosaurus as tiny, like Cylophysis level

15:49

tiny, but I guess it was

15:51

bigger than that. It's living up

15:53

to its name. It is. I

15:55

guess if you're a big Godzilla

15:57

fan, that's a good choice too.

15:59

Yeah. And we've got Eoraptor, a

16:02

Sora Potomorff that lived in the

16:04

late Triassic and what is now Argentina.

16:06

That was our dinosaur of the day

16:08

in episode 60. The genus name Eoraptor

16:11

means Don Plunderer. It's not

16:13

a raptor, but it did have a

16:15

grasping hand, like raptors. So why

16:17

pick Eoraptor? Well, it was one of

16:19

the earliest dinosaurs. It was

16:21

also a fast runner. Yeah,

16:23

Eoraptor is pretty cool. It's

16:25

one of the most important

16:27

early dinosaur finds. It's much

16:29

earlier in the Triassic. Go

16:31

geosaurus is like 210-ish million

16:33

years ago, whereas Eoraptor is

16:35

more like 230. So it's

16:37

still technically late Triassic, but

16:39

it's approaching middle Triassic. It's

16:41

before the midpoint of the

16:44

Triassic, which just because of

16:46

naming conventions, it's still late

16:48

Triassic. Is it cool dinosaur? It

16:50

is. Definitely changed things when

16:52

it was discovered. Yes. But it

16:54

is smaller, so it wouldn't win in

16:57

a fight if they had somehow ever

16:59

met. But it could maybe win in

17:01

a race, because it was so fast.

17:03

Or in a hiding competition. Yeah.

17:05

Professional height and seeking. In the

17:07

next bracket, we've got

17:09

the second pick, Herrera-saurus

17:12

versus the third pick.

17:14

Hedodontosaurus. I love this combination. It's like

17:16

two of the weirdest dinosaurs in

17:18

the late Triassic, early Jurassic, it's

17:20

so cool that they randomly got

17:22

matched up together. Yeah. Now,

17:25

Herrera-Saurus was a Soren that lived

17:27

in the late Triassic in what is

17:29

now San Juan, Argentina. It was our

17:31

Dinosaur the day in episode 27. The

17:33

genus name Herrera-Saurus means Herrera's Lizard.

17:35

It's named after the local rancher

17:37

Don Victorino Herrera, who discovered it,

17:40

and it had this sliding joint

17:42

in its lower jaw to help

17:44

it bite, which suggests it was

17:46

a predator. So why pick Herrera's? Well,

17:48

it is another early dinosaur, and

17:50

it had a body shaped like

17:52

large carnivores, such as allosaurus, but

17:55

it lived during a time when

17:57

dinosaurs were small and not at all

17:59

dominant. is that it's so weird

18:01

that some people don't even consider

18:03

it to be a dinosaur. It's

18:06

very difficult to place it in

18:08

the dinosaur family tree. It's been

18:10

considered to be a basal theropodomorff,

18:12

sometimes like you said, just a

18:14

psoriscian. Other times it's outside of

18:16

that even, or outside of all

18:18

of dinosauria. And it's just a

18:21

very strange dinosaur. This is another

18:23

very old one. It's around two

18:25

hundred and thirty million years ago.

18:27

So it's sort of like Eoraptor

18:29

in those very early days of

18:31

the dinosaurs. Yes, when it was

18:33

hard to pick out what's a

18:35

dinosaur. Yeah. It's right on that

18:38

gray fuzzy line of like, is

18:40

this a dinosaur? Is it too

18:42

weird? Maybe it's not quite really

18:44

fully developed into a dinosaur yet.

18:46

And then we've got heterodontosaurus, which

18:48

was an ornithiscian that lived in

18:50

the early Jurassic and what is

18:53

now South Africa. That was our

18:55

Dinosaur of the Day in episode

18:57

279. The genus name heterodontosaurus means

18:59

different tooth lizard. It does have

19:01

different teeth. Right, well it had

19:03

a beak, it had small incisor-like

19:05

teeth, a couple long canine like

19:08

tusks, and chisel-like cheek teeth. So

19:10

why pick heterodontosaurus? Well. It had

19:12

the tusks, the canine-like tusks, which

19:14

might have helped it with its

19:16

food. It's also different from its

19:18

close relatives in that it doesn't

19:20

seem to have replaced its teeth

19:22

continuously, but instead replaced them sometimes.

19:25

Also known as episodically. So weird.

19:27

Yeah. Such a weird little dinosaur.

19:29

It was tiny too, but it

19:31

had those tusks on it that

19:33

just, yeah, they are different teeth.

19:35

if you put a little bit

19:37

of emphasis on it to be

19:40

like that's different. Very weird, very

19:42

weird little dinosaur. But this one

19:44

is actually in the early Jurassic,

19:46

not in the Triassic. It's the

19:48

only of the four which aren't

19:50

in the Triassic. So maybe if

19:52

you prefer a Triassic dinosaur, you're

19:54

not. not into heterodontosaurus, but if

19:57

you like a weirdo that has

19:59

tusks inexplicably for an early dinosaur,

20:01

it's a pretty good one. And

20:03

we usually like the weirdos. We

20:05

do. But between herarsaurus and heterodontosaurus,

20:07

I'm kind of bummed that they're

20:09

going up against each other because

20:12

that means one of them is

20:14

going to get eliminated because they're

20:16

both so weird and enjoyable. the

20:18

first seed megalosaurus versus the fourth

20:20

one Miragaya megalosaurus that's one of

20:22

the more well-known ones I would

20:24

say yeah the og dinosaur yeah

20:27

it was a the middle Jurassic

20:29

it lived in the middle Jurassic

20:31

and what is now England it

20:33

was our dinosaur of the day

20:35

we revisited it back in episode

20:37

482 yeah don't worry about the

20:39

first time we talked to it

20:41

you don't want to listen to

20:44

that one there's some good stuff

20:46

in there we took a different

20:48

angle when we revisited it The

20:50

genus name means great lizard. It

20:52

was thought to be a giant

20:54

amphibious lizard up to 70 feet

20:56

long when it was first described,

20:59

but more recent estimates have it

21:01

closer to 20 feet or 6

21:03

meters long. I mean, they didn't

21:05

have a lot of fossils to

21:07

go with, and it being the

21:09

first ever dinosaur, and before the

21:11

name dinosaur was even coined, they

21:14

didn't have a lot to work

21:16

with, so you can forgive them

21:18

being a little off the mark.

21:20

Yes. In terms of their total

21:22

body constructions. You're getting into my

21:24

why pick megalisaurus. Oh sorry. Because,

21:26

well, not only is it the

21:28

first non-avian dinosaur named, it's one

21:31

of the three original dinosaurs and

21:33

dinosauria. It was named in 1824

21:35

and dinosauria, and dinosauria, and dinosauria,

21:37

it wasn't a term until 1842,

21:39

but it was probably the first

21:41

dinosaur fossils ever described, at the

21:43

way we described fossils today. There

21:46

was a legbone described in the

21:48

late 1600s, though, at the time,

21:50

people thought it came from a

21:52

large elephant or a giant human.

21:54

Scrotum-humanum. Well, we get into that

21:56

when the dinosaur of the day

21:58

because it's... Turns out it's a

22:01

little more nuanced than we had

22:03

previously thought. I forgot the nuances, so I

22:05

have to go back and listen to it.

22:07

Then we've got Miragaya. That's a

22:09

stegosaur that lived in the late Jurassic

22:11

and what is now Portugal. That was

22:14

our dinosaur of the day in episode

22:16

504. We also revisited it because new

22:18

research came out. The genus named Miragaya

22:20

means wonderful goddess of the earth,

22:23

which is a pretty cool name. It is a good

22:25

one. and being a stegosaur it had

22:27

large spines over most or the

22:29

whole of its tail. So why pick

22:31

Miragaya? Well it had the longest

22:33

known neck of any stegosaur with

22:36

at least 17 neck vertebrae which

22:38

is more neckbones than many sore

22:40

pods. It also probably used its

22:43

tail as defense to strike

22:45

at predators with high speed. Yeah

22:47

one really cool thing about Miragaya

22:49

is it has crazy long tail

22:51

spikes. There is a potential

22:54

species named Miragaya longus,

22:56

it is a very

22:58

epic thagamizer, and I

23:00

like how this battle

23:02

is a stegosaur versus

23:04

a theropod. Usually we're

23:06

talking about stegosaurus and

23:09

allosaurus. That's what you might

23:11

expect in a battle in the

23:13

middle Jurassic, middle-de-late Jurassic, but instead

23:15

what we have is Miragaya versus

23:18

Megalosaurus. Not what you would think

23:20

would be the top two, but

23:23

it's basically the same thing. It's

23:25

an allosaurus type thing versus a

23:27

stegosaur. So I guess if you were

23:30

going to pick allosaurus in that

23:32

battle or you're going to speak

23:34

stegosaurus, you can go with your

23:37

relevant... Dinosaur there. I think

23:39

that's a pretty fun match up. It

23:41

is a good one. They didn't live

23:43

at the same time though because megalosaurus

23:46

was middle Jurassic, so it was about

23:48

166 million years ago, whereas Miragaya

23:50

was late Jurassic, probably more like

23:52

150 million years ago. So there

23:55

was pretty big time gap in

23:57

between the two. So unlike Allosaurus

23:59

and... Stegosaurus, which actually did

24:02

fight each other. We've got holes

24:04

in allosaurus bones that look like

24:06

a stegosaurus, poked right through it.

24:09

Yeah, still a good match up.

24:11

Yes. And then the other match

24:13

up, we've got the second seed,

24:15

Yangtuanosaurus, versus the third one, giraffe

24:18

titan. Yangtuanosaurus was a metriacanthosaurid theropod

24:20

theropod, that lived in the middle

24:22

to late Jurassic, Jurassic, China. It

24:25

was our dinosaur of the day

24:27

in episode, episode 2010, 2010. It's

24:29

very similar to allosaurus in size

24:32

and appearance. Spoilers, allosaurus isn't one

24:34

of the picks. So if you

24:36

like allosaurus, maybe Yangtuanosaurus is your

24:39

pick. This is the one I

24:41

saw on the list and I

24:43

was like Yangtuanosaurus. That one made

24:45

the top 16, the top four

24:48

in the late Jurassicus. Diploticus allosaurus,

24:50

but we've got yangtuanosaurus. We've also

24:52

got giraffe titan, that's similar to

24:55

brachisaurus, but first, why pick yangtuanosaurus,

24:57

other than it being like an

24:59

allosaurus? What was the biggest, badest

25:02

predator in its habitat? It had

25:04

this giant head with powerful jaws

25:06

full of large serrated teeth, and

25:08

it was estimated to be up

25:11

to 36 feet or 11 meters

25:13

long. That's on the larger size

25:15

of estimates. I mean it's a

25:18

cool dinosaur and the head alone

25:20

is probably over a meter approaching

25:22

four feet long and body mass

25:25

of roughly four tons maybe. It's

25:27

a big individual right so I

25:29

can see why people like it.

25:32

It is like an extra large

25:34

allosaurus, very cool. Just in terms

25:36

of name recognition, I did not,

25:38

it was a very surprising one.

25:41

And I didn't remember much about

25:43

Yangtuanasaurus until I was reading about

25:45

it again. Well, you have to

25:48

do is look at our notes.

25:50

Yeah. Since we covered it. Yeah,

25:52

back in episode 210. 10, six

25:55

years ago. So it's going up

25:57

against giraffe titan. That was a

25:59

sore pod that lived in the

26:02

late Jurassic and what is now

26:04

Tanzania. That was our dinosaur of

26:06

the day in episode 153. The

26:08

genus named giraffe titan means giant

26:11

giraffe. And like I mentioned, it's

26:13

closely related to brachiasaurus. Both are

26:15

depicted as keeping their heads held

26:18

high in a giraffe-like way, one

26:20

might say. So why pick giraffe

26:22

a titan? Well, it's a huge

26:25

dinosaur and it looked a little

26:27

like a giraffe. That's pretty cool.

26:29

It's estimated to be up to

26:32

82 feet or 25 meters long

26:34

and have a shoulder height of

26:36

22 feet or 6.8 meters and

26:38

it had long four limbs or

26:41

the front legs and a long

26:43

neck. Yep. So just like how

26:45

there is no allosaurus. If you

26:48

like allosaurus, you might want to

26:50

vote for Yangtuanosaurus. But if you

26:52

like brachiosaurus. you might want to

26:55

vote for a giraffeine, or really

26:57

if you like soripods in general,

26:59

because there are very few soripods

27:02

in this list. And I think

27:04

there might be no ancylaurs, which

27:06

is a bummer, but at least

27:08

you got your soripod or two.

27:11

Yeah, there are at least a

27:13

couple, which brings me to the

27:15

next section. Time period. Time period.

27:18

Thank you. Early Cretaceous. So we've

27:20

got the first pick. Nigersaurus versus

27:22

the fourth pick Dinonicus, speaking of

27:25

Soripods. So Nigersaurus was a Rebecca

27:27

Sorid soripod that lived in the

27:29

Cretaceous and was now Niger. It

27:31

was our dinosaur of the day

27:34

back in episode 246 and the

27:36

genus named Nigersaurus means Niger reptile.

27:38

It was a small soripod similar

27:41

in size to an elephant today.

27:43

It's estimated to be about 30

27:45

feet or 9 meters long and

27:48

way over 2 to 4.4 tons

27:50

or... 1.9 to 4 metric tons.

27:52

Why pick Nigerisaurus? Well, it's really

27:55

cool. It had this wide snout

27:57

full of more than 500 teeth.

27:59

really flat on the front too.

28:01

Yeah, it replaces teeth also

28:04

about every 14 days. And it's

28:06

been described as a mezzozoic

28:08

cow. Yeah, it's fantastic. It

28:10

is a fantastic animal. The

28:13

entire group of those rebaki

28:15

sorets, many of which have

28:17

those flat fronts to their mouths,

28:19

are so enjoyable to look at.

28:22

Something I had no idea existed

28:24

when I was a kid. For

28:26

some reason I always missed those.

28:28

in the drawings. I mean I

28:31

guess Nigerisaurus wasn't discovered when I

28:33

was a kid that might have been part

28:35

of the problem. Or you weren't paying

28:37

enough attention to the soripods. Yeah

28:39

that could also be the case.

28:41

It's also kind of cool because Nigerisaurus

28:44

is a diploticoid and giraffe

28:46

tighten is a macronarian. So

28:48

we've got two of the

28:50

major groups of soripods in

28:52

contention. So if they meet again

28:54

later you can pick your favorite

28:56

clade of soripod. That's true. Then

28:58

we've got Dinonicus, which is

29:00

a dromaeosaur Therapod, a raptor that

29:02

lived in the early Cretaceous in what

29:04

is now the US, and that was

29:07

our dinosaur of the day in

29:09

episode 500, where we revisited it, because

29:11

the episode was all about raptors.

29:13

The genus named Dinonicus means terrible

29:15

claw. It was probably covered in

29:18

feathers, and it had the large

29:20

sickle clawed second toes for cutting

29:22

and slashing. Why might you pick

29:24

Dinonicus? Well, it's the dinosaur that

29:27

changed the way paleontologists thought about

29:29

dinosaurs, and it kicked off the

29:31

dinosaur renaissance, where people started thinking

29:33

of dinosaurs as more active and

29:35

agile rather than sluggish and tail-dragging.

29:38

It also possibly pinned down its prey and

29:40

then bit into it. Yeah, Dinonicus is

29:42

super cool. This is not one that I

29:44

was surprised was on the list. Yeah. I

29:46

kind of thought Velasaraptor might have made the

29:48

cut. But didn't. But Dinonicus is close

29:51

and I could see how you

29:53

probably, or the average person searching

29:55

on YouTube might already think they

29:57

know everything they need to know

29:59

about philosophy. but you might hear

30:01

about Dinonicus being an important dinosaur

30:03

that's like Velociraptor want to learn

30:06

more about it so I could

30:08

see how that one made the

30:10

the top 16. Exactly. It's a

30:13

cool dinosaur. Yes. In the next

30:15

bracket we've got the second seed

30:17

ichtheovinator, depending how you... One to

30:19

pronounce it, was a spinosaur that

30:22

lived in the early Cretaceous and

30:24

what is now Laos. It was

30:26

our dinosaur of the day in

30:29

episode 304. The genus name Ixiovenitor

30:31

means fish hunter. And like its

30:33

relatives, other spinosors, it had the

30:35

tall neural spines that made a

30:38

sail on its back. Why pick

30:40

Ixiovenitor? Because it's a Spinosor. And

30:42

it's the only Spinosor in the

30:45

list. Yeah, it had a long

30:47

narrow snout, teeth for going after

30:49

fish, and strong arms with large

30:52

thumbclaws. Yeah, we've done Spinosaurus twice,

30:54

and neither of those videos were

30:56

in the top 16. But Iktheovenitor

30:58

was not the one I would

31:01

have expected of the Spinosaurus. I

31:03

think my most likely would have

31:05

been Spinosaurus. After that, I think

31:08

maybe I would have guessed. Sucomymimus,

31:10

maybe irritator. Baryonics. Baryonics, ichtovenitor. Not

31:12

what I was expecting. But it's

31:14

a good name for a Spino-sorid,

31:17

right? It is. Basically, fish hunter.

31:19

This is a solid description of

31:21

what we think Spino-saurus did. Whether

31:24

it was swimming through the water

31:26

in order to get those fish

31:28

or just dunking its head in,

31:31

either way we know based on

31:33

the fish remains that are inside

31:35

some of these gut contents. it

31:37

was in fact a fish hunter.

31:40

Yes, gut contents of spino-sorids. Yes,

31:42

yeah, yeah, yeah, not necessarily ichto-venitor.

31:44

Yes. I think the closest thing

31:47

we have to direct evidence of

31:49

ichto-venitor, specifically eating fish, is that

31:51

there were just rafin fish in

31:53

the area where it was fossilized.

31:56

Better evidence is that its relatives,

31:58

other spinosaurs, were eating fish. Yes.

32:00

And then we've got Hipsolafodon. That

32:03

was a neo-Ornithiscian that lived in

32:05

the early Cretaceous and what's now

32:07

England. It was our dinosaur of

32:10

the day in episode 28. That

32:12

goes way back. The genus name

32:14

Hipsolafodon means high-crested tooth. It was

32:16

relatively small, estimated to be about

32:19

seven and a half feet or

32:21

2.3 meters long, and the fossils

32:23

were first found also way back

32:26

in 1849. So why pick Hipsolophodon?

32:28

Well, so many specimens have been

32:30

found, like maybe over a hundred.

32:32

So we know a lot about

32:35

this dinosaur. Also it had these

32:37

thin, pointy bones over the top

32:39

half of its eyes to give

32:42

it shade, which kind of made

32:44

it look fierce, at least in

32:46

skeletal form. And I guess some

32:49

people originally thought it was armored

32:51

and lived in trees. That's kind

32:53

of fun. Yeah. Hipsalafidon is one

32:55

that I often think of as

32:58

being an earlier dinosaur than it

33:00

actually was because it was in

33:02

the early Cretaceous but for some

33:05

reason it's small body and just

33:07

sort of weird vibes makes me

33:09

think triassic early Jurassic weird vibes.

33:11

I don't have a lot of

33:14

hope for Hipsalafidon winning against Ick

33:16

the Oventer. You never know. It

33:18

could happen. Made it. We weren't

33:21

expecting that. That's true. All right,

33:23

and last we've got the late

33:25

Cretaceous picks, starting with the first

33:28

seed, Tyrannosaurus versus the fourth one,

33:30

Albertosaurus. Yeah, Tyrannosaurus, a number one

33:32

seed. This was the least surprising

33:34

thing in the data set for

33:37

sure. And then we've got it

33:39

against another Tyrannosaurid. I kind of

33:41

like that. Because then it's not

33:44

just going to be like Tyrannosaurids

33:46

dominating later down the bracket. You

33:48

got to pick your Tyrannosaurid right

33:51

off the gate. Yes. So Tyrannosaurus

33:53

was a Tyrannosaurid theropod. It lived

33:55

in the late Cretaceous and what

33:57

is now. at Western North America.

34:00

It was our Dinosaur of the

34:02

Day in episode 200. We also

34:04

revisited that one. Well, that was

34:06

the revisited one. It was our first

34:08

episode as well. Oh, yes. And then we learned

34:10

a lot more, so we felt like it needed

34:13

to be revisited. Yep. The genus

34:15

named Tyrannosaurus means tyrant lizard.

34:17

It had relatively short arms,

34:19

but it was still ridiculously strong and

34:21

fierce. Yes, I like that you said

34:23

relatively short arms, because on an absolute

34:25

scale, it's arms were more like our

34:27

like our like our like our leg.

34:29

At least in terms of strength, they

34:32

might have been a little bit smaller,

34:34

but not that would be of arms,

34:36

not like carnivorous. Yeah. Well, why

34:38

pick Tyrannosaurus? I don't know

34:40

if I even need to give

34:42

reasons, but it was the all-time

34:44

apex predator of its time. It

34:46

probably would be the apex predator

34:48

in many different times, if it

34:50

was a time traveler. And it had

34:53

such a strong bite for us, it could

34:55

crush bone. Indeed. It's also the...

34:57

Second most valuable fossil after stegosaurus.

34:59

Oh yes. It's funny that that

35:02

has changed. It is funny. Stegosaurus

35:04

didn't make the list, so maybe

35:06

it's getting the last laugh in

35:08

this competition. Maybe. It's lucky it

35:10

doesn't have to go up against

35:13

the real dominant dinosaur. Just

35:15

depends what your criteria

35:17

is. Then we've got Albertosaurus.

35:19

It was a tyrannosaurid theropod that

35:21

lived in the late Cretaceous

35:23

in what is now Alberta

35:26

Canada. It was our Dinosaur

35:28

of the Day in episode 86. The

35:30

genus name Albertosaurus means Alberta

35:32

Lizard. And the fossils were first

35:34

found in 1884 by Joseph Burr

35:37

Tyrol who has a museum named

35:39

after him in Alberta. Perhaps you've

35:41

heard of it. The Tyrol Tyrol

35:43

Museum. Oh yes, thank you. So

35:45

why pick Albertosaurus? Well, it was

35:47

also an apex predator in its habitat

35:50

and could crush bone. More than 30 individuals

35:52

have been found, so scientists know it pretty

35:54

well, and it had a large head with

35:56

a lot of sharp teeth and short arms

35:58

with two fingers on each hand. So not

36:00

too, too different from Tyrannosaurus. Another

36:02

good reason to vote for it

36:04

is if you're Canadian, because it's

36:06

sort of like the Canadian T-Rex.

36:09

There we go. But a reason

36:11

to vote against it is if

36:13

you're a fan of Latin, because

36:15

why didn't they name it Alberta

36:17

Sora? That would have been a

36:19

much better name. Alberta. Alberta. They

36:21

made it Alberto Saurus. Oh, I

36:23

see. It always annoys me. Why

36:25

isn't it Alberta Sora? some guessing

36:28

I know what your pick would

36:30

be. I don't know. I like

36:32

an underdog. Although in general with

36:34

the bracket you want to vote

36:36

for the one that you think

36:38

is going to win, not the

36:40

one that you want to win,

36:42

and then when we get around

36:45

to the voting on Patreon, that's

36:47

when you vote for the one

36:49

you want to win. I already

36:51

filled out my bracket by the

36:53

way. Okay. actually do it so

36:55

that I could see if I

36:57

would win. See if you get

36:59

bragging rights? I mean, yeah, it

37:01

would only be bragging rights because

37:04

obviously I can't win, but I

37:06

want to see how I do.

37:08

All right, in the second bracket

37:10

for the late Cretaceous, we've got

37:12

the second seed, Styrakisaurus versus the

37:14

third one, Cheetipati. Styrachos was a

37:16

ceratopsian that lived in the late

37:18

Cretaceous in what is now North

37:21

America. It was our Dinosaur of

37:23

the Day in episode 42, and

37:25

the genus name means spiked lizard.

37:27

Maybe it lived in herds, based

37:29

on specimens being found in bonebeds.

37:31

So why pick Styrachosos? Well, it's

37:33

got a really cool frill. It

37:35

had four to six long spikes

37:38

that extended from its neck frill,

37:40

and it had cheekhorns in addition

37:42

to a long nose horn that

37:44

may have been up to two

37:46

feet or 60 centimeters long. Yeah,

37:48

seriously long nasal horn. Yeah, it's

37:50

possible that the large frill and

37:52

its skull helped it to regulate

37:54

its body temperature. No matter what

37:57

it did, it looked really cool

37:59

doing it. I think Styrachosos is

38:01

one of the coolest dinosaurs ever,

38:03

which is why... It was our

38:05

first ever patch that we did

38:07

for the Dine Out Alls because

38:09

it's so cool with all those

38:11

spikes sticking out of its head.

38:14

I think we also made a

38:16

coaster of it at one point.

38:18

I love Styrachos. Any chance we

38:20

have to draw Styrachos in some

38:22

way? It's such a cool head.

38:24

It's just amazing. Since Dyrachososos was

38:26

found way back in the early

38:28

1900s, there have been other cool-looking

38:30

ceratopsians on them. But to me,

38:33

Storacosos is always like the original

38:35

really cool frill ornamentation. And it's

38:37

sort of like the prototypical difference

38:39

from triceratops, whereas triceratops is a

38:41

very plain frill, which is much

38:43

bigger, and then the big brow

38:45

horns and the small nose horn,

38:47

Storacos is exact opposite in every

38:50

way. It's got a smaller but

38:52

way more decorated frill. It's got

38:54

like nothing above its eyes, but

38:56

this huge nosehorn. It's just, the

38:58

two of them combined to make

39:00

to make a really cool. demonstration

39:02

of how varied ceratopsians could be?

39:04

Yes. I'm guessing that was your

39:07

pick. I don't even remember. Well

39:09

it's going up against Cheetipati which

39:11

was an overraptured theropod that lived

39:13

in the late Cretaceous and what

39:15

is now Mongolia. It was our

39:17

dinosaur of the day in episode

39:19

81. The genus name Cheetipati means

39:21

funeral pyre lord and it had

39:23

a tall crest on its head

39:26

similar to a cassowary and was

39:28

probably covered in feathers. So why

39:30

pick Cheetipati? Well, it's really cool

39:32

because its discovery helps scientists understand

39:34

that overraptids weren't egg thieves, but

39:36

they actually cared for their young.

39:38

And one Cheetipati embryo was found

39:40

inside an egg. It finally righted

39:43

the wrong, that was that overrafter

39:45

name of egg thief. It's one

39:47

of the best known overraftereds too,

39:49

and some of been found brooding

39:51

on top of its nests. That's...

39:53

How it was able to write

39:55

that wrong. And one specimen even

39:57

has the nickname Big Mama. Yeah,

39:59

that was a... the American Museum

40:02

of Natural History. Very cool specimen.

40:04

I think if you're going by

40:06

quality of specimen, if that's

40:08

your criteria in your voting,

40:10

Cheetipati definitely wins.

40:12

It doesn't hurt that it was found

40:14

in Mongolia in that pretty

40:16

soft sandstone that seems to have

40:18

miraculous preservation so much of the

40:20

time and so easy to remove

40:22

and see all those bones and

40:24

eggs in this case. Yes. Very

40:26

cool dinosaur. So those are the

40:29

Sweet 16. Make your picks and

40:31

vote. And we'll be announcing

40:33

the winners moving on in

40:35

our next episode. We won't

40:37

go through this whole list

40:40

every time. We'll just announce

40:42

the winners. Yeah. Because I'm

40:44

sure we'll have a ton of

40:46

news to talk about. Oh, yes.

40:49

But yeah, if you want to

40:51

enter the contest, make sure you

40:53

get over to bit.l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-s bracket. And

40:56

if you want the complete rules,

40:58

bit on y slash dinodules rules.

41:00

And then they all they'll link to

41:02

each other to it. They're in the

41:04

show notes and everything. Yes.

41:07

Dinodules rules is probably the

41:09

easiest one to remember. Yep. So you

41:11

can go there and find the others.

41:13

Oh, good luck. We'll get to our

41:15

dinosaur of the day in just a moment.

41:18

But first we're going to take a

41:20

quick break for our sponsors. And

41:24

now on to our Dinosaur of the

41:27

Day, Kamnuria, which was a request from

41:29

Tyrant King via our patron and discord,

41:31

so thanks. It was a basal

41:33

Aguinodontian that lived in the late

41:36

Jurassic and what is now Oxfordshire

41:38

United Kingdom, found in the Kimrig clay

41:40

formation. In Aguinodons, they started

41:43

around the middle Jurassic and

41:45

lived until the end of the

41:47

Cretaceous. There's been some debate over

41:49

whether or not Kamnuria is

41:51

Camposaurus. Another dinosaur that looks

41:53

similar to campedosaurs was Yute Don,

41:55

our dinosaur of the day in

41:58

episode 521, but is now considered... to

42:00

be a species of Camposaurus, depending

42:02

on who you ask. Kamnuria was

42:04

small and walked on two legs.

42:07

It had shorter arms, a long

42:09

tail, and a long-ish head. The

42:11

holotype includes a partial skull and

42:13

skeleton, and it had a slender

42:16

build. It was about 11.4 feet,

42:18

or 3.5 meters long. The holotype,

42:20

though, is probably a juvenile based

42:22

on lack of fusion in the

42:25

vertebra and ribs. bones are fused

42:27

and that's why the holotypes thought

42:29

to be a juvenile. Even though

42:31

the specimen is a juvenile it

42:34

doesn't affect it being classified as

42:36

a basal agwadot because the character

42:38

used in ornithopod phylogenies aren't really

42:40

influenced by changes in their growth.

42:43

That sounds like somebody arguing for

42:45

it being its own genus token.

42:47

Could be, but for now it's

42:49

considered a basal agwadadot. It was

42:52

well preserved, there's not much crushing

42:54

or distortion. And it was unique

42:56

with features such as a prominent

42:58

ridge on the shoulder bone and

43:01

an oval muscle scar on its

43:03

armbone. It also had robust feet.

43:05

The fossils were found at Cumbnerhurst,

43:07

a hill near Cumbner, Oxfordshire, in

43:10

the UK. It was found in

43:12

1879. Whoa. Yeah. They were found

43:14

while the area was being excavated

43:16

for a tramway. They first ended

43:19

up in a dump heap, but

43:21

then were later collected and shown

43:23

to George Rolliston. An anatamus from

43:25

Oxford University. He showed them to

43:28

Joseph Prestwich in 1879, who said

43:30

that they were a new species

43:32

of Aguanodon, but didn't give it

43:34

a species name. Then in 1880,

43:37

Prestwich published an article on the

43:39

stratigraphy of where the fossils were

43:41

found, and later that year, John

43:43

Hulk named the fossils Aguanodon Prestwichii,

43:46

in honor of Preswich. In the

43:48

first description, he wrote, quote, the

43:50

skull is wanting, except a small

43:52

fragment. So for a tiny piece.

43:55

Yeah. And in 1880, Hulk wrote

43:57

that its quote, head was lizard-like

43:59

with large eyes and cap Nostrils.

44:01

He also wrote, quote, unfortunately as

44:04

too frequently happens, the removal of

44:06

the fossils by the unskillful hands

44:08

of day laborers has occasioned much

44:10

damage and many losses. The bones

44:13

had already been much crushed by

44:15

the pressure of the beds, but

44:17

many of the fractures are plainly

44:19

quite recent. Yeah, that happens a

44:22

lot when something's getting excavated, not

44:24

for paleontology purposes. Yeah. And then

44:26

you notice it later. But it

44:28

wouldn't have been found if that

44:31

tramway wasn't being built. Yeah. Probably.

44:33

In 1888, Harry Sealy renamed those

44:35

fossils as Comnuria press witch-eye. So

44:37

it got a separate genus. Yes.

44:40

And just the one eye at

44:42

the end. Oh, interesting. The genus

44:44

name, Comnuria, is after Comnuria, the

44:46

village where it was found. But

44:49

then in 1889, Richard Leidacher said

44:51

that it was camped a source,

44:53

pressed witchy-eye. Which many scientists over

44:55

the years agreed with. Then it

44:58

was back to possibly being Comnuria

45:00

in 2008. by Nation Martel. And

45:02

then McDonald in 2011 said it

45:04

was Kamenaria, and that was reaffirmed

45:07

in 2020 by Barrett and Wils.

45:09

Susanna Maidman and others in 2023

45:11

redescribed Kamen. And they found it

45:13

to be distinct from Camposaurus and

45:16

valid, with two unique features in

45:18

the shoulder. There's not many late

45:20

Jurassic ornithopods from Europe that are

45:22

known. There's only Calavasaurus, based on

45:25

an isolated femur or thigh bone

45:27

found in the UK. There's also

45:29

Eostraisaurus and Draconics from Portugal and

45:31

then also Cemnaria. From the Kimmerage

45:34

clay formation of the UK there's

45:36

only four valid dinosaurs. They include

45:38

of course Cemnaria, but also the

45:40

Stegosaur dissenturus, the titanosaura form, Duryatitan,

45:43

and the Tyrannosauroid jurotyrant. The hollow

45:45

type of Cemnaria includes an incomplete

45:47

skull, including a partial brain case.

45:49

vertebrae from the neck back and

45:52

tail ribs Part of an arm,

45:54

part of the hips, parts of

45:56

the legs, and parts of the

45:58

feet in a hand. But we

46:01

do need more fossils to better

46:03

understand this dinosaur. A head might

46:05

help. Yeah, a more complete one.

46:07

Other animals that lived around the

46:10

same time and place include soripods,

46:12

theropods, sea turtles, and terrors. Watch

46:14

out sea turtles. There's soripods of

46:16

foot. They're fine. They were fine.

46:19

And our fun fact for this

46:21

Dinodules competition episode is that John

46:23

Wooden is the most successful coach

46:25

in the history of college basketball

46:27

and he guided UCLA to 10

46:30

national championships, but one of his

46:32

streaks was broken by a dinosaur.

46:34

I feel like you did this

46:36

one for your dad, who's a

46:39

UCLA basketball fan. He did this

46:41

one because it's the third month

46:43

of the year and we're doing

46:45

a Dinodules competition. Which may have

46:48

some resemblance to something else that

46:50

happens. Yes. Specifically, that dinosaur was

46:52

the Calgary Dinos, which were then

46:54

known as the University of Calgary

46:57

Dinosaurs. So UCLA won in 1964,

46:59

1965, and then they won again

47:01

from 1967 every year through 1975.

47:03

A lot of years in a

47:06

row. Yes, but the Calgary Dinos

47:08

won in 1966. Broke up the

47:10

streak. Yes. Oh, as a side

47:12

note, Wooden had the nickname The

47:15

Wizard of Westwood, though apparently he

47:17

didn't like that nickname. And he

47:19

was renowned for his coaching and

47:21

inspirational messages. He's known for his

47:24

pyramid of success, as his philosophical

47:26

building blocks for succeeding at basketball

47:28

and life, and he's won many

47:30

awards, and he had a long

47:33

life and career. He died at

47:35

age 99 in 2010. But back

47:37

to the Calgary Dinos, because we're

47:39

not a basketball show. So we're

47:42

going to talk about this basketball

47:44

team. Well, we're talking about the

47:46

Dinos that happened to be a

47:48

team in 1964. Two years before

47:51

the University of Calgary officially split

47:53

from the University of Alberta, they

47:55

adopted the dinosaur mascot to honor

47:57

all the paleontological sites in the

48:00

area. And their first iteration was

48:02

this bipedal lizard-like creature, which has

48:04

changed over the years. It's good

48:06

to hear. Yeah. So in the

48:09

1960s, it walked on two legs,

48:11

it had this yellow belly, and

48:13

the rest was red. It looked

48:15

to me kind of like Pete

48:18

the Dragon, but... No wings or

48:20

hair and smaller more snake-like head.

48:22

I don't really know Pete the

48:24

Dragon. Is that a kids book?

48:27

I know it from the Disney

48:29

movie, but I don't know if

48:31

that's the original source. Okay. But

48:33

that's the one you're talking about.

48:36

Disney movie Pete the Dragon? Yeah.

48:38

Okay. And then in the 1970s,

48:40

the Calgary Dino looked more fearsome.

48:42

It still watched on two eggs,

48:45

but it had a lizard-like tongue

48:47

in a very long dragging tail.

48:49

Then in the 1980, they made

48:51

it look much friendlier. It got

48:54

more plump. It was white but

48:56

wore red and carried a red

48:58

flag. It was a bit Barney-like.

49:00

It had four fingers on each

49:03

hand, and it got a name,

49:05

Dexter. And then from 1998 to

49:07

2013, it looked more like a

49:09

Jurassic Park Velociraptor. It was fierce.

49:12

The mouth was full of sharp

49:14

teeth, and it was back to

49:16

red. That's not too surprising. In

49:18

the 90s, they would make it

49:21

more raptor-like. I would say it's

49:23

a little bit more cartoonish, but

49:25

also more accurate. The teeth are

49:27

more accurate. It clearly has two

49:30

fingers. So overall, just more scientifically

49:32

accurate, which I know that they

49:34

put a lot of effort into.

49:36

So they made it like a

49:39

T-Rex? I think it was always

49:41

meant to be like a tyrannosaur.

49:43

Oh, really? Yeah. Because those other

49:45

descriptions did not sound like D-Rex.

49:48

No. But yeah, it's red with

49:50

the yellow belly. Oh, and the

49:52

present-day masca has a new name

49:54

called Rexosaurus. So there you go

49:57

to answer your question. to Rannosaurus

49:59

and Rex, I guess they needed

50:01

it to be unique. I'm surprised

50:03

they weren't going for Albertisaurus. Yeah,

50:06

that would have been a smart

50:08

call. Maybe it's because they're not

50:10

the University of Alberta. Oh, maybe.

50:12

Although it's Albertosaurus and Albertosaurus. Right,

50:15

as you were saying. Not the

50:17

University of Alberto. Yes. Well, anyway,

50:19

the school has a saying, which

50:21

I like. It's that once a

50:24

dino, always a dino. That is

50:26

good. Taking it back, because a

50:28

lot of people don't want to

50:30

be called a dinosaur, because sometimes

50:33

that means like you're outdated. Mm-hmm.

50:35

Not in our world. They're embracing

50:37

it too. Yes. So that wraps

50:39

up. This episode of I-no-dino. Thank

50:42

you for listening. Stay tuned in

50:44

our next episode. We will be

50:46

back. We'll probably have some new

50:48

dinosaurs to talk about. And of

50:51

course we'll be keeping keeping up

50:53

with the dino-up with the dino-dules.

50:55

Which, again, if you want to

50:57

make your picks, head over to

51:00

bit.ly slash Dynodules' picks. Or just

51:02

go to bit.ly slash Dynodules' rules.

51:04

Yes, that too. And the top

51:06

of that will have links to

51:09

the other places you might want

51:11

to go. Thanks again, and until

51:13

next time. If

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