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A few months ago, I heard
1:00
about a guy who had a
1:02
small fortune taken from him. Walter
1:05
Shram. We got Walter on the
1:07
phone to ask him about his
1:09
missing money, and he was angry,
1:12
but you should know that the
1:14
angry version of Walter Shram sounds
1:16
like this. It would have been
1:19
nice, but I guess that's gone.
1:21
Walter is very chill. And ironically,
1:24
it's that trait that both brought
1:26
him a small fortune. and custom
1:28
it. Here's what happened. Walter is
1:31
Italian and in the late 90s
1:33
he had the brilliant idea to
1:35
start a company selling Italian specialty
1:38
products online largely to Americans. Like
1:40
coffee machines, pasta machines, coffee, ice
1:43
cream makes us. At first it
1:45
seemed like things were going really
1:47
well. Except for that around the
1:50
same time another online retailer launched.
1:52
Amazon. They were bigger, seem to
1:54
have endless money. They're not even
1:57
worried about turning a profit. this
1:59
point. But this is not where
2:02
things go south for Walter really.
2:04
It was unfortunate, sure, but to
2:06
him the Amazon thing was just
2:09
another great investment opportunity. I said
2:11
let's set up an account with
2:13
e-trade and buy a few Amazon
2:16
shares for a few thousand dollars.
2:18
So you're thinking was if we
2:21
can't beat them, join them? Join
2:23
them, exactly. And of course Walter
2:25
had a characteristically chill investment strategy.
2:28
Buy this stock, and then just
2:30
let it sit. He made a
2:32
point not to log into the
2:35
e-trade account that held his shares.
2:37
If you believe in a company,
2:40
you need to buy the stock
2:42
and let it sit for 20
2:44
years. I mean, that's the philosophy
2:47
of Warren Buffett. Go out and
2:49
have a walk and join nature.
2:51
Talk to your family. Don't worry
2:54
about the stock market. So Walter
2:56
does just that. He waits until
2:59
2015, about 20 years. to finally
3:01
cash in his Amazon stock. At
3:03
that point, the stock he'd bought
3:06
for around $6,000 should be worth
3:08
around $100,000. And so after years
3:10
and years of not looking, Walter
3:13
finally logs back into his e-trade
3:15
account. Do you remember what you
3:18
saw when you logged in? I
3:20
saw nothing. The account was empty.
3:22
So it was a big shock.
3:25
A very Walter Shram way of
3:27
saying, he was terrified. He wanted
3:29
to retire, he was counting on
3:32
this money, and now it was
3:34
gone. So Walter calls up e-trade
3:37
to say, where are my shares?
3:39
And e-trade tells him, yeah, you're
3:41
going to need to speak to
3:44
the state of Delaware. That's where
3:46
e-trade is incorporated. Walter is like,
3:48
okay. And e-trade says, yeah, specifically,
3:51
you should ask for the Delaware
3:53
Unclaimed Property Office. Walter calls them
3:56
up. And finally they explain to
3:58
me. me, there's a technical term
4:00
that I don't remember, that my
4:03
stock had been. I think it's
4:05
S. S.D. Yeah, something. Terrible
4:07
word like that. Yeah. This
4:09
terrible, unpronounceable word. It was
4:11
the first sign that Walter
4:13
had stumbled onto something huge.
4:16
An obscure government program that
4:18
depending on how you look
4:20
at it is either a
4:22
brilliant way to protect you
4:24
from greedy corporations. or a
4:26
way for state governments to
4:28
literally reach into your accounts
4:30
and take your money. Hello and
4:32
welcome to Planet Money. I'm
4:34
Kenny Malone. And I'm Audrey Quinn.
4:37
Our government ends up with a
4:39
stunning amount of our stuff. Stocks,
4:42
paychecks, bank accounts. Today on the
4:44
show, we bring you a classic
4:46
episode from 2020, one that is
4:48
in hindsight a kind of bit
4:51
of a public service. It's about
4:53
how the government gets... This stuff,
4:55
this unclaimed property, how you can
4:57
get it back, and why Walter
4:59
Shram may never see his stock
5:02
again. This message comes from
5:04
Charles Schwab. Financial decisions
5:07
can be tricky. Your
5:09
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6:09
thing I needed to ask you
6:11
is how do you say S.
6:14
Sheet. A Sheet. So my Twitter
6:16
is don't give a sheet. Jennifer
6:18
Borden runs an a sheet. E-S-C-H-E-A-T.
6:20
Are there other a sheet puns?
6:23
Don't give a sheet. A sheet
6:25
happens. Those are only two I
6:27
can come up with off the
6:30
top of my head. If a
6:32
sheet sounds archaic, that's because it
6:34
goes back to feudal England. It's
6:36
essentially the act of the state
6:39
taking control of property on behalf
6:41
of its citizens. The concept has
6:43
been updated. pretty dramatically and is
6:46
now employed in the United States.
6:48
And the way that this works
6:50
now is that each state, like
6:52
each actual state government, has an
6:55
unclaimed property department because we, the
6:57
people, are forgetful. Yes. We forget
6:59
about retirement accounts, insurance policies, safe
7:01
deposit boxes. When you forget about
7:04
stuff like that, after a certain
7:06
amount of time, the state is
7:08
able to step in. Take ownership
7:11
of your unclaimed stuff and hold
7:13
on to it until you can
7:15
come and claim it. Think of
7:17
it as like a giant state
7:20
run lost and found. And this
7:22
used to be Jennifer Borden's job.
7:24
She worked at the Massachusetts Division
7:27
of Unclaimed Property. What's the weirdest
7:29
thing you've ever seen as sheeted
7:31
guns and blueprints to a bank?
7:33
Those are from a safe deposit
7:36
box. I wonder what they were
7:38
up to. Yeah, I'm not positive.
7:40
Every state in the country does
7:43
some version of a sheet, and
7:45
the way it used to work
7:47
in the past was the state
7:49
would take control of your stuff.
7:52
on your behalf, of course. And
7:54
then they would take out a
7:56
newspaper ad saying, like, hey, Joe
7:59
Smith, we have your stuff, come
8:01
get it. This is my favorite
8:03
part of this whole thing, because
8:05
states all over the country still
8:08
keep these lists of missing stuff,
8:10
just now with a website, not
8:12
a newspaper ad. And this brings
8:14
us to my new favorite party
8:17
trick, which I'm gonna do right
8:19
now with Kenny. Yes, Audrey. has
8:21
made me a promise not to
8:24
do this until we were recording.
8:26
We are now recording. So, okay,
8:28
what do I do here? What
8:30
state have you probably spent the
8:33
most time in in recent years?
8:35
In recent years, the most time
8:37
in Florida, by far. Okay, so
8:40
I want you to look up
8:42
Lost Money Florida. All right, here's
8:44
Florida's a sheeting site, I guess.
8:46
It has a better name than
8:49
I would have thought. Florida Treasure
8:51
Treasure Hunt.gov. Okay, type your name
8:53
into the little search box. There's
8:58
there's a Kenneth De Malone that is
9:00
my old address like a pretty old
9:02
address though. All right property type vendor
9:05
checks reported by National Public Radio Kenny
9:07
you you have a you have a
9:09
missing paycheck From NPR? Yeah, this is
9:11
great. I'm I'm a hundred percent taking
9:13
a vacation if this is enough money
9:16
Oh It's $40 which is fine, but
9:18
yes, I happen to know Audrey that
9:20
you you did this and had much
9:22
better luck than I did I found
9:25
$800. Yeah, $800 is good. The point
9:27
is that you listening at home, you
9:29
should look yourself up. You may have
9:31
left behind a paycheck, utility credits, bank
9:33
account you thought you closed. Your state
9:36
has stepped in and is holding that
9:38
money for you. And you could see
9:40
the argument for why this is a
9:42
good thing the state does on your
9:44
behalf. Like, you know, companies don't necessarily
9:47
have the most incentive to get that
9:49
money back to you. Like I love
9:51
NPR, but... You've heard our fun drives.
9:53
I don't know how hard NPR was
9:55
going to try to get that check
9:58
back into my hand. And so... What
10:00
happened in that case instead is that
10:02
NPR is required to tell the state
10:04
of Florida, can he never cashed his
10:06
check? And then Florida says, great,
10:09
cut that check to us, we're going to
10:11
hold on to the money for him, and now
10:13
he can file a claim for it. Some version
10:15
of this happens in every state
10:17
for all kinds of companies. At
10:19
the end of the year, companies
10:21
have to report seemingly abandoned money
10:23
to the state. The state takes
10:25
control, boom, the money goes to
10:27
the financial lost and found. For
10:29
years, this was a big part
10:32
of Jennifer Borden's job. She was
10:34
working for the Massachusetts government, trying
10:36
to connect people with their abandoned
10:38
stuff, and she loved that. But the
10:41
more time she spent thinking about as
10:43
she has like a system, the more she
10:45
started to notice problems. Well,
10:47
the interesting thing about unclaimed property
10:49
is the states are able to
10:52
use that... the cash or the assets
10:54
until such time as the owner
10:56
comes forward. So it's almost like
10:58
the state has a little loan
11:00
they can give themselves of other
11:02
people's money. And it is a lot
11:04
of money. States are taking in about
11:06
$8 billion a year of unclaimed property.
11:09
And about two-thirds of that money
11:11
stays unclaimed. So in most
11:13
states, it just gets folded
11:15
into the state's budget. Unclaimed
11:17
property is the fifth
11:19
largest source of revenue for
11:22
California. It's the third largest
11:24
source of revenue for Delaware.
11:26
Unclaimed property all across the
11:29
country helps fund public programs,
11:31
which might seem like a good
11:33
thing, but it can create some
11:35
perverse incentives. Do we do a good
11:37
job getting money back to people, or
11:40
do we just let it sit here
11:42
and we don't have to raise taxes?
11:44
Yeah, it just seems like a conflict
11:46
of interest. Cynically, yes, because if you
11:48
do your job well... you don't have
11:50
any money left. If you don't do
11:52
your job well the penalty is that
11:54
you have more money to keep in
11:56
the state coffers. Now Jennifer is careful
11:59
to say the people... unclaimed property offices
12:01
want to get unclaimed property back to the rightful
12:03
owners. It is the best part of the job,
12:05
she says. But maybe there is a systemic problem.
12:07
Like this isheets system is supposed to stop companies
12:10
from turning your forgetfulness into their profit. It's possible
12:12
states are now just doing a version of that
12:14
same thing. The amount of unclaimed money states take
12:16
in every year, it's going up. And states have
12:19
gotten a lot more aggressive in how they take
12:21
the money in the first place. The more Jennifer
12:23
considered all of this, the more she thought, maybe
12:25
my a sheet talents would be better spent elsewhere.
12:27
She still thinks that a sheet is on the
12:30
whole a great system, but she now helps people
12:32
and businesses protect their money from a sheet. Is
12:34
there like a playbook for states to bring in
12:36
more unclaimed money? Sure. So there are a couple
12:39
of things that cause... additional revenue to come in,
12:41
excuse me, additional unclaimed property to come into a
12:43
state which could turn into additional revenue. Jennifer says
12:45
states are getting looser with their standards about what
12:48
qualifies as abandoned property. For example, it used to
12:50
be that an account was deemed abandoned only after
12:52
a piece of mail was sent to the account
12:54
holder, then got returned by the post office. The
12:56
person couldn't be reached. But now in a lot
12:59
of states... Property gets labeled abandoned just because a
13:01
person didn't check into their account or access the
13:03
account within a certain length of time, which I
13:05
don't know, like that feels like a sneakier kind
13:08
of standard. Also in a lot of states, the
13:10
length of time before your account is deemed inactive,
13:12
it's been shrinking. States are stepping in more quickly
13:14
to helpfully take a hold of your money. And
13:17
all of this brings us back to Walter Shram.
13:19
Very chill, but actually quite mad, investor who bought
13:21
a bunch of Amazon stock back in the night.
13:23
I think it's a
13:26
mistake to check the stock
13:28
market. It makes you
13:30
nervous. You don't sleep well.
13:32
Walter's very patient investment
13:34
philosophy, buy stock, then check
13:37
back in 20 years.
13:39
He thought he was being
13:41
a smart investor. The
13:43
state of Delaware thought he'd
13:46
forgotten about his stock.
13:48
They cheated it back in
13:50
2008. They hadn't told
13:52
him. So great. Problem solved.
13:55
The state of Delaware
13:57
was holding on to Walter's
13:59
Amazon stock. No, that
14:01
is not what happened. See,
14:03
one of the problems
14:06
with a sheet is that
14:08
it's not always clear
14:10
how it would work with
14:12
different kinds of things
14:15
people forgot about. So for
14:17
like, you know, a
14:19
check or a bank account
14:21
that someone forgot, like
14:24
that's pretty straightforward. The state
14:26
can assume control of
14:28
that money. It was just
14:30
sitting there. Now it
14:32
can sit in the state's
14:35
account. But with abandoned
14:37
stocks or bonds, the state
14:39
takes control of your
14:41
investment and it doesn't want
14:44
to become your portfolio
14:46
manager. So it caches out
14:48
your investments, just holds
14:50
on to that money for
14:53
you. Obviously, the state
14:55
cashing out your stocks could
14:57
work in your favor.
14:59
If the government caches you
15:02
out right before your
15:04
stock takes a dive. Or
15:06
it could totally screw
15:08
you, which is what happened
15:10
to Walter. Delaware sold
15:13
his Amazon shares in 2008,
15:15
which was before Amazon
15:17
had become Amazon. Walter got
15:19
the Delaware Unclaimed Property
15:22
Office on the phone and
15:24
they invited him to
15:26
file a claim for the
15:28
2008 value of his
15:31
stock. So they are offering
15:33
me today to give
15:35
me $8 ,000 for a
15:37
stock that is worth way
15:39
over $100K. $8 ,000 for
15:42
stock that was worth
15:44
$100 ,000. It's
15:46
actually now worth even more
15:48
than that. Walter hasn't checked the
15:50
Amazon stock price in a
15:52
while and it's too depressing. the
16:00
break we call the state
16:02
of Delaware and ask does
16:04
Walter really need to take
16:06
this a sheet? This is bad. You
16:09
wrote it Audrey. This message
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not a coincidence that Walter's stock
17:45
was taken by Delaware. That is
17:47
where two-thirds of all Fortune 500
17:49
companies are incorporated, and that's a lot
17:51
of potentially lost accounts to keep track
17:54
of. We talk to the person who's
17:56
in charge of that. I'm Brenda Mayrack.
17:58
I am the Delaware State. cheater and
18:00
director of the Office of Unclaimed
18:02
Property. After talking to Walter and
18:04
our a sheet lawyer Jennifer, there
18:06
were two main things we wanted
18:08
to ask Brenda about. The first
18:11
was about this idea that unclaimed
18:13
property has become a huge source
18:15
of revenue for states. For the
18:17
last few years, Delaware's general fund
18:19
has gotten a lot of money
18:21
from a sheet. around $550 million
18:23
a year. Does your office feel
18:25
any pressure to make sure that
18:27
money keeps coming in? It is
18:29
a fairly stable revenue source from
18:31
year to year and it has
18:33
been. I wouldn't say we feel
18:35
pressure. We really just want to
18:37
make sure that the process is
18:39
there. I guess kind of what
18:42
I'm getting out here is that
18:44
that at a certain point it
18:46
kind of just seems like... the
18:48
state is grabbing somebody's money. Some
18:50
people may be critical of that
18:52
system, but the alternatives are that
18:54
the bank or the company keeps
18:56
the money. Brenda says fundamentally this
18:58
is a way to look out
19:00
for consumers, to safely take forgotten
19:02
money out of company's hands, and
19:04
keep it in a place where
19:06
people can get their money back
19:08
easily. I recommend to everyone that
19:10
they should search at least once
19:12
a year. I typically suggest that
19:15
people search either on their birthday
19:17
or when they file their income
19:19
taxes or maybe at the first
19:21
of the year. Again, if you
19:23
take nothing else from this episode,
19:25
it is that you should go
19:27
and make sure you've not left
19:29
abandoned money somewhere that is now
19:31
in a state coffer. I am
19:33
$40 of living proof that you
19:35
should do that. And in that
19:37
regard, it is a good system.
19:39
I never would have found that
19:41
money. It probably never would have
19:43
found me. On the other hand,
19:46
a sheep... clearly has some flaws.
19:48
We've learned some disconcerting things about
19:50
this from Walter Schramm's Amazon case.
19:52
Delaware has made some changes that
19:54
theoretically would have helped someone like
19:56
Walter. The state actually does now
19:58
require a letter to go out
20:00
to person before their property gets
20:02
a sheeted. But the state
20:04
still deems a bank account
20:06
abandoned after five years and
20:09
investments abandoned after just three
20:11
years. Why the three years or
20:13
why five years? It just seems
20:15
pretty arbitrary. It needs to be short
20:17
enough so that companies aren't
20:20
actually losing track of people
20:22
and then... basically taking a windfall
20:24
of that property or benefiting from
20:26
that property over time. So it's
20:28
trying to strike a balance. Can
20:31
I tell you specifically the story
20:33
that I'm working on? Okay. So for this
20:35
piece, I talked to this guy. We figured
20:37
that Brenda wouldn't be able to talk
20:39
about individual cases, but gave it
20:41
a shot anyway. Audrey told her
20:43
about Walter and his Amazon bet. It
20:46
just doesn't quite make sense to me
20:48
of why... Why not checking your
20:50
stock for a few years
20:52
can carry such a heavy
20:55
penalty? I really can't
20:57
respond to that. There is
20:59
no penalty. The company
21:01
has complied with the
21:03
law. The state complies
21:05
with its laws. If a
21:07
person isn't exercising
21:09
ownership over their account,
21:12
they may have passed away. Then
21:14
what happens? That's
21:18
why states have unclaimed property
21:20
laws. As for Walter, here's where
21:22
his case stands. Walter initially looked
21:24
for an attorney to help him
21:26
get the current value of his
21:28
Amazon stock from Delaware, more than
21:30
$100,000, a ton of money, but
21:33
apparently not enough for a lawyer to
21:35
take the case on, Walter says. I
21:37
talked to the lawyer for two French
21:39
investors who lost $13 million from a
21:41
sheet. For cases like that, lawyers are
21:43
interested. For Walters, they were not.
21:46
So for now, Walter is stuck with
21:48
the original deal from Delaware. The state
21:50
offered to pay him back the value
21:52
of his stock from when they cashed
21:54
it out in 2008, which is about
21:57
$8,000. I didn't cash that check. I've
21:59
wrote them. that I don't accept their
22:01
offer. I am sure the way Amazon
22:03
is growing, their stock will be 20,
22:06
30 times the value of today in
22:08
20 years. So it's gonna be a
22:10
multi-million dollar package and I'm sure, then
22:12
I'll find a lawyer who is willing
22:15
to represent my children because it's worth
22:17
his while. So you're just gonna wait
22:19
until it's worth even more. Yeah, sure.
22:22
I'm going to wait until this is
22:24
worth two, three, four, five million dollars.
22:26
So that's the plan. The hope is
22:28
that at that point it'll be worth
22:31
it for a lawyer to take on
22:33
the sham descendants case and they'll get
22:35
Delaware to settle, which does happen sometimes.
22:37
In the meantime, Walter has found a
22:40
different investing approach. He's bought into Google
22:42
and Facebook through a firm based in
22:44
Europe. where they do not escheed accounts.
22:46
Okay, so it has been about five
22:49
years now since this episode originally ran,
22:51
and there is a fair amount of
22:53
news to share. So let us begin
22:55
with Walter Shram, who did, in fact,
22:58
find a lawyer, and is now the
23:00
lead plaintiff in a class action lawsuit,
23:02
essentially against Delaware's unclaimed property office. That
23:04
suit alleges that people like Walter were
23:07
not given appropriate notice before their property
23:09
or their stock in his case, were
23:11
seized and then liquidated. Now that case
23:13
is still ongoing, and since we first
23:16
talked to Walter, the price of his
23:18
now long-ago liquidated Amazon stock, has more
23:20
than doubled. And our final update, and
23:23
I just want you to picture like
23:25
a rainstorm of cash coming down for
23:27
this one, since our episode originally ran,
23:29
Planet Money listeners like you have found
23:32
over 38... $8 ,000 in
23:34
unclaimed property at
23:36
their various states. And
23:38
that is just
23:41
those of you who
23:43
got in touch
23:45
to tell us about
23:47
it. So listen,
23:50
if you go to
23:52
your state's unclaimed
23:54
property website and you
23:56
find lost money,
23:59
please do tell us
24:01
about it. We
24:03
have a spreadsheet, we
24:05
love updating that
24:08
thing. You can email
24:10
us, we are
24:12
planetmoney at npr .org.
24:15
You can also tag
24:17
us and show
24:19
the world that you
24:21
found money on
24:24
all the social medias
24:26
that is generally
24:28
at Planet Money. And
24:31
I mean, you know, listen, if
24:33
you suddenly find yourself with some
24:35
unexpected cash and a lot of
24:37
gratitude for your favorite economics show,
24:39
well, I will remind you that
24:41
the best way to support our
24:44
journalism at Planet Money is to
24:46
become a regular NPR plus supporter.
24:48
You can do that by going
24:50
to plus .npr .org. This is a
24:52
way to help us stay independent
24:54
and a way for you to
24:56
get sponsor -free versions of our
24:59
episodes. And right now, we've got a
25:01
special series from the Planet Money
25:03
archives that include a behind -the -scenes
25:05
look at the time Planet Money
25:07
bought a toxic asset that we
25:09
named Toxi, lots of incredible details
25:12
about how that project came together.
25:14
That is for our Planet Money
25:16
Plus subscribers and thank you so
25:18
much if you are already one
25:20
of them. Today's episode was produced
25:22
originally by Alexi Horowitz -Gazi with
25:24
editing from Nick Fountain. The update
25:27
today was produced by James Snead.
25:29
Our executive producer is Alex
25:31
Goldberg. Special thanks to David
25:33
Nott, Ethan Miller, Randy
25:35
Hoates, Wilson Barmeier, Cindy Misley,
25:37
and Bill Palmer. I'm Audrey Quinn.
25:40
I'm Kenny Malone. This is
25:42
NPR. Thanks for listening. Support
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