Escheat show (Update)

Escheat show (Update)

Released Wednesday, 19th March 2025
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Escheat show (Update)

Escheat show (Update)

Escheat show (Update)

Escheat show (Update)

Wednesday, 19th March 2025
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A few months ago, I heard

1:00

about a guy who had a

1:02

small fortune taken from him. Walter

1:05

Shram. We got Walter on the

1:07

phone to ask him about his

1:09

missing money, and he was angry,

1:12

but you should know that the

1:14

angry version of Walter Shram sounds

1:16

like this. It would have been

1:19

nice, but I guess that's gone.

1:21

Walter is very chill. And ironically,

1:24

it's that trait that both brought

1:26

him a small fortune. and custom

1:28

it. Here's what happened. Walter is

1:31

Italian and in the late 90s

1:33

he had the brilliant idea to

1:35

start a company selling Italian specialty

1:38

products online largely to Americans. Like

1:40

coffee machines, pasta machines, coffee, ice

1:43

cream makes us. At first it

1:45

seemed like things were going really

1:47

well. Except for that around the

1:50

same time another online retailer launched.

1:52

Amazon. They were bigger, seem to

1:54

have endless money. They're not even

1:57

worried about turning a profit. this

1:59

point. But this is not where

2:02

things go south for Walter really.

2:04

It was unfortunate, sure, but to

2:06

him the Amazon thing was just

2:09

another great investment opportunity. I said

2:11

let's set up an account with

2:13

e-trade and buy a few Amazon

2:16

shares for a few thousand dollars.

2:18

So you're thinking was if we

2:21

can't beat them, join them? Join

2:23

them, exactly. And of course Walter

2:25

had a characteristically chill investment strategy.

2:28

Buy this stock, and then just

2:30

let it sit. He made a

2:32

point not to log into the

2:35

e-trade account that held his shares.

2:37

If you believe in a company,

2:40

you need to buy the stock

2:42

and let it sit for 20

2:44

years. I mean, that's the philosophy

2:47

of Warren Buffett. Go out and

2:49

have a walk and join nature.

2:51

Talk to your family. Don't worry

2:54

about the stock market. So Walter

2:56

does just that. He waits until

2:59

2015, about 20 years. to finally

3:01

cash in his Amazon stock. At

3:03

that point, the stock he'd bought

3:06

for around $6,000 should be worth

3:08

around $100,000. And so after years

3:10

and years of not looking, Walter

3:13

finally logs back into his e-trade

3:15

account. Do you remember what you

3:18

saw when you logged in? I

3:20

saw nothing. The account was empty.

3:22

So it was a big shock.

3:25

A very Walter Shram way of

3:27

saying, he was terrified. He wanted

3:29

to retire, he was counting on

3:32

this money, and now it was

3:34

gone. So Walter calls up e-trade

3:37

to say, where are my shares?

3:39

And e-trade tells him, yeah, you're

3:41

going to need to speak to

3:44

the state of Delaware. That's where

3:46

e-trade is incorporated. Walter is like,

3:48

okay. And e-trade says, yeah, specifically,

3:51

you should ask for the Delaware

3:53

Unclaimed Property Office. Walter calls them

3:56

up. And finally they explain to

3:58

me. me, there's a technical term

4:00

that I don't remember, that my

4:03

stock had been. I think it's

4:05

S. S.D. Yeah, something. Terrible

4:07

word like that. Yeah. This

4:09

terrible, unpronounceable word. It was

4:11

the first sign that Walter

4:13

had stumbled onto something huge.

4:16

An obscure government program that

4:18

depending on how you look

4:20

at it is either a

4:22

brilliant way to protect you

4:24

from greedy corporations. or a

4:26

way for state governments to

4:28

literally reach into your accounts

4:30

and take your money. Hello and

4:32

welcome to Planet Money. I'm

4:34

Kenny Malone. And I'm Audrey Quinn.

4:37

Our government ends up with a

4:39

stunning amount of our stuff. Stocks,

4:42

paychecks, bank accounts. Today on the

4:44

show, we bring you a classic

4:46

episode from 2020, one that is

4:48

in hindsight a kind of bit

4:51

of a public service. It's about

4:53

how the government gets... This stuff,

4:55

this unclaimed property, how you can

4:57

get it back, and why Walter

4:59

Shram may never see his stock

5:02

again. This message comes from

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6:09

thing I needed to ask you

6:11

is how do you say S.

6:14

Sheet. A Sheet. So my Twitter

6:16

is don't give a sheet. Jennifer

6:18

Borden runs an a sheet. E-S-C-H-E-A-T.

6:20

Are there other a sheet puns?

6:23

Don't give a sheet. A sheet

6:25

happens. Those are only two I

6:27

can come up with off the

6:30

top of my head. If a

6:32

sheet sounds archaic, that's because it

6:34

goes back to feudal England. It's

6:36

essentially the act of the state

6:39

taking control of property on behalf

6:41

of its citizens. The concept has

6:43

been updated. pretty dramatically and is

6:46

now employed in the United States.

6:48

And the way that this works

6:50

now is that each state, like

6:52

each actual state government, has an

6:55

unclaimed property department because we, the

6:57

people, are forgetful. Yes. We forget

6:59

about retirement accounts, insurance policies, safe

7:01

deposit boxes. When you forget about

7:04

stuff like that, after a certain

7:06

amount of time, the state is

7:08

able to step in. Take ownership

7:11

of your unclaimed stuff and hold

7:13

on to it until you can

7:15

come and claim it. Think of

7:17

it as like a giant state

7:20

run lost and found. And this

7:22

used to be Jennifer Borden's job.

7:24

She worked at the Massachusetts Division

7:27

of Unclaimed Property. What's the weirdest

7:29

thing you've ever seen as sheeted

7:31

guns and blueprints to a bank?

7:33

Those are from a safe deposit

7:36

box. I wonder what they were

7:38

up to. Yeah, I'm not positive.

7:40

Every state in the country does

7:43

some version of a sheet, and

7:45

the way it used to work

7:47

in the past was the state

7:49

would take control of your stuff.

7:52

on your behalf, of course. And

7:54

then they would take out a

7:56

newspaper ad saying, like, hey, Joe

7:59

Smith, we have your stuff, come

8:01

get it. This is my favorite

8:03

part of this whole thing, because

8:05

states all over the country still

8:08

keep these lists of missing stuff,

8:10

just now with a website, not

8:12

a newspaper ad. And this brings

8:14

us to my new favorite party

8:17

trick, which I'm gonna do right

8:19

now with Kenny. Yes, Audrey. has

8:21

made me a promise not to

8:24

do this until we were recording.

8:26

We are now recording. So, okay,

8:28

what do I do here? What

8:30

state have you probably spent the

8:33

most time in in recent years?

8:35

In recent years, the most time

8:37

in Florida, by far. Okay, so

8:40

I want you to look up

8:42

Lost Money Florida. All right, here's

8:44

Florida's a sheeting site, I guess.

8:46

It has a better name than

8:49

I would have thought. Florida Treasure

8:51

Treasure Hunt.gov. Okay, type your name

8:53

into the little search box. There's

8:58

there's a Kenneth De Malone that is

9:00

my old address like a pretty old

9:02

address though. All right property type vendor

9:05

checks reported by National Public Radio Kenny

9:07

you you have a you have a

9:09

missing paycheck From NPR? Yeah, this is

9:11

great. I'm I'm a hundred percent taking

9:13

a vacation if this is enough money

9:16

Oh It's $40 which is fine, but

9:18

yes, I happen to know Audrey that

9:20

you you did this and had much

9:22

better luck than I did I found

9:25

$800. Yeah, $800 is good. The point

9:27

is that you listening at home, you

9:29

should look yourself up. You may have

9:31

left behind a paycheck, utility credits, bank

9:33

account you thought you closed. Your state

9:36

has stepped in and is holding that

9:38

money for you. And you could see

9:40

the argument for why this is a

9:42

good thing the state does on your

9:44

behalf. Like, you know, companies don't necessarily

9:47

have the most incentive to get that

9:49

money back to you. Like I love

9:51

NPR, but... You've heard our fun drives.

9:53

I don't know how hard NPR was

9:55

going to try to get that check

9:58

back into my hand. And so... What

10:00

happened in that case instead is that

10:02

NPR is required to tell the state

10:04

of Florida, can he never cashed his

10:06

check? And then Florida says, great,

10:09

cut that check to us, we're going to

10:11

hold on to the money for him, and now

10:13

he can file a claim for it. Some version

10:15

of this happens in every state

10:17

for all kinds of companies. At

10:19

the end of the year, companies

10:21

have to report seemingly abandoned money

10:23

to the state. The state takes

10:25

control, boom, the money goes to

10:27

the financial lost and found. For

10:29

years, this was a big part

10:32

of Jennifer Borden's job. She was

10:34

working for the Massachusetts government, trying

10:36

to connect people with their abandoned

10:38

stuff, and she loved that. But the

10:41

more time she spent thinking about as

10:43

she has like a system, the more she

10:45

started to notice problems. Well,

10:47

the interesting thing about unclaimed property

10:49

is the states are able to

10:52

use that... the cash or the assets

10:54

until such time as the owner

10:56

comes forward. So it's almost like

10:58

the state has a little loan

11:00

they can give themselves of other

11:02

people's money. And it is a lot

11:04

of money. States are taking in about

11:06

$8 billion a year of unclaimed property.

11:09

And about two-thirds of that money

11:11

stays unclaimed. So in most

11:13

states, it just gets folded

11:15

into the state's budget. Unclaimed

11:17

property is the fifth

11:19

largest source of revenue for

11:22

California. It's the third largest

11:24

source of revenue for Delaware.

11:26

Unclaimed property all across the

11:29

country helps fund public programs,

11:31

which might seem like a good

11:33

thing, but it can create some

11:35

perverse incentives. Do we do a good

11:37

job getting money back to people, or

11:40

do we just let it sit here

11:42

and we don't have to raise taxes?

11:44

Yeah, it just seems like a conflict

11:46

of interest. Cynically, yes, because if you

11:48

do your job well... you don't have

11:50

any money left. If you don't do

11:52

your job well the penalty is that

11:54

you have more money to keep in

11:56

the state coffers. Now Jennifer is careful

11:59

to say the people... unclaimed property offices

12:01

want to get unclaimed property back to the rightful

12:03

owners. It is the best part of the job,

12:05

she says. But maybe there is a systemic problem.

12:07

Like this isheets system is supposed to stop companies

12:10

from turning your forgetfulness into their profit. It's possible

12:12

states are now just doing a version of that

12:14

same thing. The amount of unclaimed money states take

12:16

in every year, it's going up. And states have

12:19

gotten a lot more aggressive in how they take

12:21

the money in the first place. The more Jennifer

12:23

considered all of this, the more she thought, maybe

12:25

my a sheet talents would be better spent elsewhere.

12:27

She still thinks that a sheet is on the

12:30

whole a great system, but she now helps people

12:32

and businesses protect their money from a sheet. Is

12:34

there like a playbook for states to bring in

12:36

more unclaimed money? Sure. So there are a couple

12:39

of things that cause... additional revenue to come in,

12:41

excuse me, additional unclaimed property to come into a

12:43

state which could turn into additional revenue. Jennifer says

12:45

states are getting looser with their standards about what

12:48

qualifies as abandoned property. For example, it used to

12:50

be that an account was deemed abandoned only after

12:52

a piece of mail was sent to the account

12:54

holder, then got returned by the post office. The

12:56

person couldn't be reached. But now in a lot

12:59

of states... Property gets labeled abandoned just because a

13:01

person didn't check into their account or access the

13:03

account within a certain length of time, which I

13:05

don't know, like that feels like a sneakier kind

13:08

of standard. Also in a lot of states, the

13:10

length of time before your account is deemed inactive,

13:12

it's been shrinking. States are stepping in more quickly

13:14

to helpfully take a hold of your money. And

13:17

all of this brings us back to Walter Shram.

13:19

Very chill, but actually quite mad, investor who bought

13:21

a bunch of Amazon stock back in the night.

13:23

I think it's a

13:26

mistake to check the stock

13:28

market. It makes you

13:30

nervous. You don't sleep well.

13:32

Walter's very patient investment

13:34

philosophy, buy stock, then check

13:37

back in 20 years.

13:39

He thought he was being

13:41

a smart investor. The

13:43

state of Delaware thought he'd

13:46

forgotten about his stock.

13:48

They cheated it back in

13:50

2008. They hadn't told

13:52

him. So great. Problem solved.

13:55

The state of Delaware

13:57

was holding on to Walter's

13:59

Amazon stock. No, that

14:01

is not what happened. See,

14:03

one of the problems

14:06

with a sheet is that

14:08

it's not always clear

14:10

how it would work with

14:12

different kinds of things

14:15

people forgot about. So for

14:17

like, you know, a

14:19

check or a bank account

14:21

that someone forgot, like

14:24

that's pretty straightforward. The state

14:26

can assume control of

14:28

that money. It was just

14:30

sitting there. Now it

14:32

can sit in the state's

14:35

account. But with abandoned

14:37

stocks or bonds, the state

14:39

takes control of your

14:41

investment and it doesn't want

14:44

to become your portfolio

14:46

manager. So it caches out

14:48

your investments, just holds

14:50

on to that money for

14:53

you. Obviously, the state

14:55

cashing out your stocks could

14:57

work in your favor.

14:59

If the government caches you

15:02

out right before your

15:04

stock takes a dive. Or

15:06

it could totally screw

15:08

you, which is what happened

15:10

to Walter. Delaware sold

15:13

his Amazon shares in 2008,

15:15

which was before Amazon

15:17

had become Amazon. Walter got

15:19

the Delaware Unclaimed Property

15:22

Office on the phone and

15:24

they invited him to

15:26

file a claim for the

15:28

2008 value of his

15:31

stock. So they are offering

15:33

me today to give

15:35

me $8 ,000 for a

15:37

stock that is worth way

15:39

over $100K. $8 ,000 for

15:42

stock that was worth

15:44

$100 ,000. It's

15:46

actually now worth even more

15:48

than that. Walter hasn't checked the

15:50

Amazon stock price in a

15:52

while and it's too depressing. the

16:00

break we call the state

16:02

of Delaware and ask does

16:04

Walter really need to take

16:06

this a sheet? This is bad. You

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17:43

not a coincidence that Walter's stock

17:45

was taken by Delaware. That is

17:47

where two-thirds of all Fortune 500

17:49

companies are incorporated, and that's a lot

17:51

of potentially lost accounts to keep track

17:54

of. We talk to the person who's

17:56

in charge of that. I'm Brenda Mayrack.

17:58

I am the Delaware State. cheater and

18:00

director of the Office of Unclaimed

18:02

Property. After talking to Walter and

18:04

our a sheet lawyer Jennifer, there

18:06

were two main things we wanted

18:08

to ask Brenda about. The first

18:11

was about this idea that unclaimed

18:13

property has become a huge source

18:15

of revenue for states. For the

18:17

last few years, Delaware's general fund

18:19

has gotten a lot of money

18:21

from a sheet. around $550 million

18:23

a year. Does your office feel

18:25

any pressure to make sure that

18:27

money keeps coming in? It is

18:29

a fairly stable revenue source from

18:31

year to year and it has

18:33

been. I wouldn't say we feel

18:35

pressure. We really just want to

18:37

make sure that the process is

18:39

there. I guess kind of what

18:42

I'm getting out here is that

18:44

that at a certain point it

18:46

kind of just seems like... the

18:48

state is grabbing somebody's money. Some

18:50

people may be critical of that

18:52

system, but the alternatives are that

18:54

the bank or the company keeps

18:56

the money. Brenda says fundamentally this

18:58

is a way to look out

19:00

for consumers, to safely take forgotten

19:02

money out of company's hands, and

19:04

keep it in a place where

19:06

people can get their money back

19:08

easily. I recommend to everyone that

19:10

they should search at least once

19:12

a year. I typically suggest that

19:15

people search either on their birthday

19:17

or when they file their income

19:19

taxes or maybe at the first

19:21

of the year. Again, if you

19:23

take nothing else from this episode,

19:25

it is that you should go

19:27

and make sure you've not left

19:29

abandoned money somewhere that is now

19:31

in a state coffer. I am

19:33

$40 of living proof that you

19:35

should do that. And in that

19:37

regard, it is a good system.

19:39

I never would have found that

19:41

money. It probably never would have

19:43

found me. On the other hand,

19:46

a sheep... clearly has some flaws.

19:48

We've learned some disconcerting things about

19:50

this from Walter Schramm's Amazon case.

19:52

Delaware has made some changes that

19:54

theoretically would have helped someone like

19:56

Walter. The state actually does now

19:58

require a letter to go out

20:00

to person before their property gets

20:02

a sheeted. But the state

20:04

still deems a bank account

20:06

abandoned after five years and

20:09

investments abandoned after just three

20:11

years. Why the three years or

20:13

why five years? It just seems

20:15

pretty arbitrary. It needs to be short

20:17

enough so that companies aren't

20:20

actually losing track of people

20:22

and then... basically taking a windfall

20:24

of that property or benefiting from

20:26

that property over time. So it's

20:28

trying to strike a balance. Can

20:31

I tell you specifically the story

20:33

that I'm working on? Okay. So for this

20:35

piece, I talked to this guy. We figured

20:37

that Brenda wouldn't be able to talk

20:39

about individual cases, but gave it

20:41

a shot anyway. Audrey told her

20:43

about Walter and his Amazon bet. It

20:46

just doesn't quite make sense to me

20:48

of why... Why not checking your

20:50

stock for a few years

20:52

can carry such a heavy

20:55

penalty? I really can't

20:57

respond to that. There is

20:59

no penalty. The company

21:01

has complied with the

21:03

law. The state complies

21:05

with its laws. If a

21:07

person isn't exercising

21:09

ownership over their account,

21:12

they may have passed away. Then

21:14

what happens? That's

21:18

why states have unclaimed property

21:20

laws. As for Walter, here's where

21:22

his case stands. Walter initially looked

21:24

for an attorney to help him

21:26

get the current value of his

21:28

Amazon stock from Delaware, more than

21:30

$100,000, a ton of money, but

21:33

apparently not enough for a lawyer to

21:35

take the case on, Walter says. I

21:37

talked to the lawyer for two French

21:39

investors who lost $13 million from a

21:41

sheet. For cases like that, lawyers are

21:43

interested. For Walters, they were not.

21:46

So for now, Walter is stuck with

21:48

the original deal from Delaware. The state

21:50

offered to pay him back the value

21:52

of his stock from when they cashed

21:54

it out in 2008, which is about

21:57

$8,000. I didn't cash that check. I've

21:59

wrote them. that I don't accept their

22:01

offer. I am sure the way Amazon

22:03

is growing, their stock will be 20,

22:06

30 times the value of today in

22:08

20 years. So it's gonna be a

22:10

multi-million dollar package and I'm sure, then

22:12

I'll find a lawyer who is willing

22:15

to represent my children because it's worth

22:17

his while. So you're just gonna wait

22:19

until it's worth even more. Yeah, sure.

22:22

I'm going to wait until this is

22:24

worth two, three, four, five million dollars.

22:26

So that's the plan. The hope is

22:28

that at that point it'll be worth

22:31

it for a lawyer to take on

22:33

the sham descendants case and they'll get

22:35

Delaware to settle, which does happen sometimes.

22:37

In the meantime, Walter has found a

22:40

different investing approach. He's bought into Google

22:42

and Facebook through a firm based in

22:44

Europe. where they do not escheed accounts.

22:46

Okay, so it has been about five

22:49

years now since this episode originally ran,

22:51

and there is a fair amount of

22:53

news to share. So let us begin

22:55

with Walter Shram, who did, in fact,

22:58

find a lawyer, and is now the

23:00

lead plaintiff in a class action lawsuit,

23:02

essentially against Delaware's unclaimed property office. That

23:04

suit alleges that people like Walter were

23:07

not given appropriate notice before their property

23:09

or their stock in his case, were

23:11

seized and then liquidated. Now that case

23:13

is still ongoing, and since we first

23:16

talked to Walter, the price of his

23:18

now long-ago liquidated Amazon stock, has more

23:20

than doubled. And our final update, and

23:23

I just want you to picture like

23:25

a rainstorm of cash coming down for

23:27

this one, since our episode originally ran,

23:29

Planet Money listeners like you have found

23:32

over 38... $8 ,000 in

23:34

unclaimed property at

23:36

their various states. And

23:38

that is just

23:41

those of you who

23:43

got in touch

23:45

to tell us about

23:47

it. So listen,

23:50

if you go to

23:52

your state's unclaimed

23:54

property website and you

23:56

find lost money,

23:59

please do tell us

24:01

about it. We

24:03

have a spreadsheet, we

24:05

love updating that

24:08

thing. You can email

24:10

us, we are

24:12

planetmoney at npr .org.

24:15

You can also tag

24:17

us and show

24:19

the world that you

24:21

found money on

24:24

all the social medias

24:26

that is generally

24:28

at Planet Money. And

24:31

I mean, you know, listen, if

24:33

you suddenly find yourself with some

24:35

unexpected cash and a lot of

24:37

gratitude for your favorite economics show,

24:39

well, I will remind you that

24:41

the best way to support our

24:44

journalism at Planet Money is to

24:46

become a regular NPR plus supporter.

24:48

You can do that by going

24:50

to plus .npr .org. This is a

24:52

way to help us stay independent

24:54

and a way for you to

24:56

get sponsor -free versions of our

24:59

episodes. And right now, we've got a

25:01

special series from the Planet Money

25:03

archives that include a behind -the -scenes

25:05

look at the time Planet Money

25:07

bought a toxic asset that we

25:09

named Toxi, lots of incredible details

25:12

about how that project came together.

25:14

That is for our Planet Money

25:16

Plus subscribers and thank you so

25:18

much if you are already one

25:20

of them. Today's episode was produced

25:22

originally by Alexi Horowitz -Gazi with

25:24

editing from Nick Fountain. The update

25:27

today was produced by James Snead.

25:29

Our executive producer is Alex

25:31

Goldberg. Special thanks to David

25:33

Nott, Ethan Miller, Randy

25:35

Hoates, Wilson Barmeier, Cindy Misley,

25:37

and Bill Palmer. I'm Audrey Quinn.

25:40

I'm Kenny Malone. This is

25:42

NPR. Thanks for listening. Support

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