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Recode 22, that's

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a LinkedIn.com re code 22.

0:45

it's rico daily i'm adam court justice

0:49

right now circling the earth about

0:51

two hundred and fifty miles up is one

0:54

of humanity's greatest technological

0:56

achievements

0:59

the international space station is basically

1:02

our laboratory in space

1:04

for studying how see might

1:06

help humanity here on earth but also

1:08

how humanity my travel even

1:10

deeper into space

1:11

that's records rebecca hi while and

1:14

for two decades now astronauts

1:16

from countries all over the globe have been

1:18

living aboard the iss working

1:20

on all kinds of cutting edge research

1:22

what about keeping see the iss forced

1:24

to study technologies we could use like

1:26

oxygen and watering recycling system

1:29

we also use the iss to study

1:32

how well the human body like functions

1:34

and stays so how well do they

1:36

handle radiation to be handle muscle

1:38

and bone loss at these are questions we need to

1:40

answer if want to

1:42

go deeper into space and time in future

1:48

we do we wanna keep exploring

1:50

soon nasa and other space agencies

1:53

are gonna have to find some new rendezvous

1:55

spots in orbit because in

1:57

the next few years the iss the

1:59

iss to retire then there's no

2:01

plan for nasa to build a new

2:05

yeah for sort of thinking hey instead of

2:07

us building replace him for billions

2:09

and billions of dollars of what we got private

2:12

companies to do that instead the

2:14

now nasa's they plan is to

2:16

give little bit of seed funding to different

2:18

ideas for private companies who can

2:20

run space stations on their own and

2:23

nasa's basically just gonna rent space from them

2:25

and save up to like a billion dollars a year

2:40

before we get more into the retirement of the iss

2:43

would suffer minute about it's creation

2:45

and what nasa has been doing with

2:47

the space station for all these years

2:50

though the plans for the iss

2:52

really kicked off in the nineteen eighties

2:55

there

2:56

has always been greatest when

2:58

we dared to be good he

3:00

, reach for greatness again we

3:03

can follow our dreams too distant stars

3:05

living and working living and cecil

3:07

economic and scientific game

3:09

in nineteen eighty four in his state of

3:11

the union address president reagan

3:13

drop dead now

3:15

to develop permanently man space station

3:17

and to do it within a decade

3:21

then he explicitly say that

3:23

the us was going to invite other nations

3:25

to join the

3:25

hijacking or we can strengthen face

3:28

build prosperity and expand freedom

3:30

for all who share our goals

3:32

and not became the verge of what the international

3:34

space station is today

3:37

now we have five space agency's

3:39

represent and fifteen different countries

3:41

the united states and russia and japan

3:44

and also in denmark france germany

3:46

italy in the united kingdom so lots

3:48

of different countries are actually working

3:50

together the honesty station it's

3:53

really no small feat that the world's superpowers

3:56

got together to invest in doing science

3:58

the research and space this is big

4:01

plot for collaboration especially between

4:03

russia and the us in the wake

4:05

of cold war it's a huge deal and it's

4:07

it's probably one of the best examples of

4:09

cooperation between countries on earth

4:11

ever

4:12

running a lab and space sounds expenses

4:15

what does it actually costs to keep the isis up

4:17

and running so

4:18

the iss is the size of a football

4:20

field it's humongous sort

4:23

has the sixteen interconnected modules

4:26

when that's where our shots with and work and then it has

4:28

eight solar arrays of actually power the season

4:30

and make sure everything's running and i think

4:32

it cost between three to four billion

4:35

dollars every year to operate and

4:37

it's estimated that it costs about one hundred million

4:39

dollars to construct so that

4:41

been hoping to not spend that kind of

4:43

money again and how private companies do

4:45

this and sad and it thinks he can save at

4:47

least know a billion dollars every year

4:49

on operating costs

4:51

and how did nasa decide to retire something

4:53

like the international space station since

4:56

there are so many other countries involved was that

4:58

a group decision it was

4:59

the In the plan that that the ISS

5:02

would eventually retire. One

5:03

thing that's interesting is now, we're past

5:06

the point at which it was originally supposed

5:08

International

5:11

partners of how to agree, to extend its

5:14

life on

5:18

behalf of President Obama as well

5:20

as myself. Let me, welcome particularly

5:22

our International guests, who

5:24

have traveled here to engage.

5:26

In what I know is going to be a

5:28

fascinating meeting, which

5:30

is this weird sort of of thing where the

5:32

US will say we're going

5:34

to extend our support for us to

5:36

this date.

5:37

Obama administration is committing

5:39

the United States to yet another extension

5:41

of the space station this

5:44

time to it. least the year twenty twenty

5:46

four we hope that his announcement

5:48

now

5:49

allowing time for full and careful

5:51

consideration by our partners

5:53

will contribute to an eventual agreement

5:56

by all to proceed

5:58

in extending this and it ended

6:00

international effort further into

6:03

the twenty first century

6:05

and then you know another country will sign on and

6:07

dot spec kind of weird the space diplomacy

6:09

situation we're in right now

6:11

now that it's been decided how does what

6:13

actually go about retiring space station

6:15

what actually happens to it as just

6:17

float around up there forever do we

6:19

figure out way to bring it down basically

6:22

we just push it into the atmosphere and let

6:24

it disintegrates okay

6:26

can you walk through thought it works though

6:29

nasa's plans right now at least for the iss

6:32

is enough for sunbeds knitting it therapy

6:34

pool the iss the word towards

6:36

the earth or to take over the the

6:38

three years and happened while

6:40

the iss is continuing to do that normal

6:42

operations it does now but know when the

6:44

iss

6:45

the people critical level i think

6:47

it's about hundred fifty five miles

6:49

above the earth masses knesset us

6:51

to

6:52

final heidi up or china it's one less place

6:54

to the iss remove anything we

6:56

still wanna keep the be any a small

6:58

that are up there and then we'll start the

7:00

process of

7:01

actually the orbiting it so that's

7:03

probably good take place i'd be

7:05

it

7:05

up mission control that's actually in moscow

7:08

where they're going to target a specific location

7:11

that's called point nemo it's in the

7:13

pacific ocean and it's the world's farther

7:15

the point from plans

7:17

that's the plan it sounds like

7:19

a complicated plan how we make sure

7:21

we actually do it right

7:23

definitely a delicate process

7:25

you don't want a humongous the season

7:27

just falling over any part

7:30

of earth but you this is something that nasa has

7:32

done before it's the same approach the

7:34

agency took when he retired skylab

7:36

which was the first us the season and nineteen

7:38

seventy nine and it's also a in

7:39

way of disposing of satellites so

7:42

earlier rebecca you mentioned that when

7:45

the iss goes offline nasa

7:47

plans to move its astronauts to commercial space

7:49

stations so what's the plan their

7:51

who's making these new space station

7:53

the plan is for private space companies

7:56

nasa hoping as many as four different

7:58

corporate collaborations to mount

8:00

up to four different faith he sends into low

8:02

earth orbit over the next

8:04

decade so as now says planning

8:06

to the orbit the iss

8:09

is also giving some seed funding

8:11

get more than four hundred million dollars

8:13

at least for now to three different concepts

8:15

that it wants to some support

8:17

an incubator and get ready to

8:20

launch into orbit to replace the iss

8:23

the most high profile grant that has

8:25

been given so far is one hundred and thirty

8:27

million dollars to a species idea

8:29

called orbit ovaries which

8:31

is the cc should designed by blue origin

8:34

and just visas if you

8:36

actually look this up it's like these fun little renderings

8:38

of what looks like this mixed use business

8:40

park so there are like labs a garden

8:43

three d printers a it's

8:45

humongous it's only just a little bit smaller

8:47

than the iss but blue origin and stuff

8:49

visas are saying it's the an order of magnitude

8:51

less expensive to build so that's why nasa's

8:54

really interested in that's once

8:56

they said what about the others there's

8:58

another idea called star live

9:00

at which is being built by this company called

9:02

nano rocks that you may not have heard of but

9:05

it's majority owner voyager ceases also involved

9:07

as well as lockheed martin and

9:09

then there's this other one that doesn't have name

9:11

yet but it's from this company called

9:13

northrop grumman which is a the

9:15

company you know they've done lot of work for

9:17

death already runs cargo missions that the iss

9:20

and both of these bases and ideas that nasa's

9:22

looking into will house up to for astronauts

9:24

at time and will or crude lot

9:26

face as well which is one of main

9:28

reason saucer wants to be there there's

9:31

also another ccs and we haven't talked

9:33

about yeah

9:34

nasa while it's shutting down

9:37

the iss and planning for these

9:39

other space stations in earth orbit

9:41

is of hiding plans to launch of new

9:44

species and and this is going to called the

9:46

winner gay way it's going to be for

9:48

the moon oh toby more

9:50

about that

9:51

though in same way that we've been using

9:53

the iss as a platform for

9:55

studying how humans do

9:57

in space and what technology can

9:59

com

10:00

the the idea for litter gateway

10:02

is to facilitate research

10:04

that might help us you know x for the moon

10:06

and eventually mars even deeper

10:08

into space though

10:11

the idea is that this is going to basically

10:13

linked up with the already existing

10:15

effort to bring humans back to the

10:17

moon if you haven't heard about this of called the artem

10:19

as missions and basically nasa's try

10:22

you create our long term presence

10:24

on the one where be you know humans can

10:26

actually live and do research think

10:28

of it like a transit stop or

10:30

even the threat as a scaled down version

10:33

of this the season from the movie in

10:35

two thousand and one as it's the odyssey it's

10:37

gonna be like a place where ash

10:40

we're going to the moon will come back to and

10:42

then they'll stay there before going back to earth it'll

10:44

also be where people arrive before going

10:46

down to the moon as well that you

10:49

know the reason why this is an interesting isn't fair

10:51

because he could play a crucial role

10:53

in preparing astronauts for future

10:55

missions to mars it's mars place

10:57

where often as could practice simulation

10:59

missions going to mars it's mars place

11:01

where you could trust experimental technologies

11:03

that are really far from earth and it's even to

11:05

play to play and assembling scrapped

11:07

they could the to go to mars this wow

11:10

so the idea is that nasa will

11:12

send it's astronauts out to these privately

11:14

owned space seasons both in low

11:16

earth orbit and eventually the moon

11:19

they don't work and live there do their research

11:21

is that right though

11:23

you should think of it like an office

11:25

park nasa is going to rent

11:27

facilities alongside essentially other

11:29

tenants including other governments

11:31

private industries these hotels

11:33

and you to even media production companies

11:36

now says even betting that some companies

11:38

will want to use these stations to

11:40

for instance manufacture specialty

11:42

products in microgravity like even

11:44

fiber optic cables are artificial he'd

11:46

grown organs are essentially the

11:48

ideas up by society eating and economy

11:51

in low earth orbit nasa thinks it can share

11:53

the cost of operating a space station

11:55

with the private sector what

11:57

it sounds like a lot these spaces

12:00

that we're talking about are gonna be owned

12:02

by the united states whether

12:04

it's by nasa by us companies

12:06

but obviously the u s isn't the only country

12:08

interested in operating in space would you

12:10

other countries have planned in terms of

12:12

space stations and space exploration

12:14

are we looking at a new kind space race

12:17

the other countries are building

12:19

news the seasons tears so

12:21

as not already living on

12:24

new space station that china's constructing

12:26

and russia officials have signal

12:28

that they plan replace the iss with

12:30

their own space station to and

12:33

then the same time russia and china have also

12:35

announced that they're going to collaborate

12:37

on another species and for the

12:39

moon as well so there is some competition

12:42

for i nasa's plans for lunar gateway

12:46

the new t three so the second space

12:48

race is usually talked about in terms

12:50

of private companies getting involved

12:52

but it's not clear so far how

12:54

geopolitics will play a role going

12:57

to space itself is not necessarily this

12:59

display of strength it was during the cold

13:01

war there saw questions to be asked

13:03

about what kind of financial benefits countries

13:06

are going to read because even we're

13:08

putting all this money that we don't quite know what that

13:10

economy is going to look like but

13:12

we certainly have like weird dynamic now or you're both

13:14

countries and companies that clearly

13:17

be censored country his competing

13:19

at the same time these companies have financial

13:22

incentive to offer their services

13:24

to as many countries as possible because

13:26

they want customers i

13:28

prefer time there's this legal gray

13:30

area in space that makes it kind

13:32

unclear often like how

13:34

international law applies to

13:36

the companies are countries operating in

13:39

space

13:44

let's skip ahead to ten fifteen

13:46

years from now when we're hopefully close

13:48

to reaching mars the isis will be

13:50

gone by can you help us picture

13:52

of what the skies would

13:55

space near earth would it all might with like at

13:57

that point there will be several fully

13:59

operational

14:00

the he's an earth orbit

14:02

and will be rambo by national governments

14:04

and had accompanied by the

14:06

nasa of also have already established

14:08

it's face on the

14:10

everyone that according to plan including

14:12

a human haven't had a moon landing system

14:15

even a nuclear power plants and

14:17

course eight way as well but

14:19

i think what's really interesting here is that all

14:21

these developments that work factor in

14:23

faith over the next few decades have

14:25

basically been powered by the i thought

14:27

which day

14:28

all the research that me this possible

14:30

in first place

14:33

and i guess we can probably expect see a lot more

14:35

sophie's from astronauts are from different

14:37

vantage points the the

14:41

becker thanks for joining us things happening

14:49

today's episode was produced by taylor

14:51

make in and engineered by melissa pounds

14:53

from hemlock reproductions i

14:55

that and forecasters thanks for listening

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