How Political Divides Are Destroying Families

How Political Divides Are Destroying Families

Released Thursday, 9th January 2025
 1 person rated this episode
How Political Divides Are Destroying Families

How Political Divides Are Destroying Families

How Political Divides Are Destroying Families

How Political Divides Are Destroying Families

Thursday, 9th January 2025
 1 person rated this episode
Rate Episode

Episode Transcript

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0:23

Democrat media ecosystem over the

0:25

past the years has been that

0:27

January been January 6th was 9-11. Was Pearl

0:29

Harbor... don't want you to

0:31

be busy, I want your phone not to ring.

0:33

you, I'm with you, particularly

0:35

at this age, yeah, I general, yeah,

0:37

I wish this problem would go

0:39

away. Coleman is a Coleman is a

0:41

psychologist with a very specific therapy

0:43

focus ties with who cut ties with

0:45

their family. fell into it's work he

0:47

fell into when he found himself

0:49

estranged from his daughter. It It daughter.

0:51

was many years ago. ago. He was

0:53

divorced, remarried, new children were

0:56

born, and and when his daughter hit

0:58

her her 20s, she found the courage

1:00

to tell him how she felt about

1:02

it all. it And cut cut him

1:04

off. you've So you've had that of

1:06

being being like, no, no, no, explanation,

1:08

explanation, explanation, explanation, explanation,

1:10

right? So right? been there,

1:12

you know how visceral that

1:14

can feel. feel. Yeah, it's it's really I

1:17

mean, mean I I can swear

1:19

on your show your show. You can, it's okay.

1:21

I've never put a never put a

1:23

on on for... The but now

1:25

at the the time. a

1:27

problem that used to be a problem

1:29

that used to be mostly

1:31

driven by money, fights fights over

1:34

wills, or broken relationships over divorces

1:36

and blended families like like Coleman's. And

1:38

is. is. But a growing number

1:40

of people are hitting the

1:42

block button, either online or in

1:44

real life, over politics. research A

1:47

new research finds many of them

1:49

did so over the course

1:51

of the presidential election. which means they're

1:53

ringing in the new year,

1:55

having cut ties with people with

1:58

with whom no longer agree. to

2:00

disagree, even for even for the sake of

2:02

family. 10, 15 used to be that your 15

2:04

years ago, the idea that your kid

2:06

would marry. a If you were a or vice

2:08

your kid would marry a Democrat or

2:10

vice as long as they feel other, that's the as

2:12

long as they love each other, that's

2:14

the most important part. I But now like kid

2:16

I don't want my kid marrying people

2:18

from that party. They're bad, they're evil,

2:20

they're terrible. And so so a very

2:23

tragic moment moment though we're in. I'm

2:31

Audie Cornish, and on this episode

2:33

of The we're going to

2:35

talk about why some people are

2:37

putting politics over family, how generational

2:39

differences can play a part in

2:42

broken family ties, a and what

2:44

to do if you find yourself

2:46

on either side of an estrangement. an

2:48

Stay with us. with us. What

2:58

does the political estrangement look

3:00

like? One of the things

3:02

I noted in the

3:04

study was saying was them

3:06

on social media. on social I

3:08

remember thinking, remember that's not

3:10

that bad. that's not that because

3:12

I'm like not that

3:14

attached to social media, know

3:16

what I mean? Let's

3:18

just say my Facebook pages

3:20

are probably dormant. pages are probably

3:22

dormant for a lot of

3:24

other people, that is

3:26

their lifeline to their communities.

3:28

What are the other

3:30

little ways of ways someone

3:32

out? out? Well, yeah, a lot of the

3:34

a lot of the parents

3:36

that I work with,

3:38

not only social media, it's

3:40

also cell phone, it's the it's

3:42

the ability to text the

3:44

child. I've had grandparents

3:46

drop off packages or packages door

3:48

things at the front door

3:50

and then get a

3:52

very angry letter my you're

3:54

crossing my boundaries. do And

3:56

if you do it going to

3:58

I'm going to file

4:00

a restraining order against you.

4:03

And these are not

4:05

crazy abusive parents or grandparents.

4:07

There parents who have had

4:09

political differences with their

4:11

child. And the child has

4:13

set a limit that

4:15

they don't want to have

4:17

them in their lives. to

4:19

And They're have them in their lives, and

4:21

so really exacting that limit

4:23

in a very dramatic

4:25

way as far as I'm

4:27

concerned. I'm concerned. What other aspect have you

4:29

come to understand about what it's like for these

4:31

people to try and mend the relationships? Do they

4:33

even feel that's possible by the time they're done

4:35

working with you? Well, some do some donor depends

4:37

on how receptive the adult child is. So I

4:39

always had parents start by writing a letter of

4:41

amends to the adult child, where they start off

4:43

by saying, I know you wouldn't cut off contact

4:45

with me unless you felt like it was the

4:47

healthiest thing for you to do. how the parent

4:49

might not feel like it's the healthiest thing for

4:51

the child to do. But that's what the child

4:53

feels. What's it like trying to convince those parents

4:55

to write that sentence though, right? Like if fundamentally

4:57

they're like, I didn't do anything wrong, these kids

4:59

are crazy. You're asking them to do something, right?

5:01

And then if it comes off as hollow, it

5:03

backfires. So are you actually trying to convince them

5:05

of this? Or have you just like adopted a

5:07

certain language that you know can be effective? were

5:09

a good parent and raised a child with opportunities

5:11

that you wish somebody had given you. And your

5:13

child could reasonably feel like you missed something different

5:16

that they wish you had done something different. And

5:18

sort of getting into the rightness and the wrongness

5:20

of it is always going to be a fool's

5:22

errand. You're never going to get your child back

5:24

if you do that. There's always something there worth

5:26

empathizing with. And the goal is to find the

5:28

kernel of truth, if not the bushel of truth,

5:30

the child's complaints and to be kind of wedded

5:32

to that. to say, well, it's clear that I

5:34

have blind spots, that I don't have a better

5:36

understanding of why you need to do this. So

5:38

what I always tell parents is, look, this is

5:40

about humility. It's not about humiliation. My goal isn't

5:42

to make you prostate yourself in front of your

5:44

child and say you were a terrible parent or

5:46

a terrible parent or a terrible person, but you

5:48

have to find a way to see why your

5:50

child is doing what they're doing, or you're never

5:52

going to get anywhere. And to your point of

5:54

entry. One of the reasons why I'm asking you

5:56

this is because you describe the idea of being

5:58

defensive. during your own estrangement,

6:00

right? right? So you've

6:02

had that experience of being

6:04

like, No, no, no,

6:06

no, no. Explanation, explanation, explanation, right? So

6:09

like, you've been there, you know how

6:11

visceral that can feel. Yeah, it's really,

6:13

I mean, I hope I can

6:15

swear on your show. You can,

6:17

it's okay. But,

6:20

I mean, I'm glad you said it that way

6:22

because I just, you

6:24

know, one of the things about being a

6:26

parent, and I'm a parent to a

6:28

very small child, is literally, you're

6:31

spending decades being

6:33

the person who is right. Eat

6:35

the snack now, eat this kind

6:37

of snack, like everything is around

6:40

you ushering them into personhood. And

6:42

the idea that like once they

6:44

come into that personhood and they

6:46

look at you and say, actually,

6:48

you really messed me up in

6:50

a lot of ways, you know?

6:52

And And like I feel like

6:54

that defensiveness is so deeply ingrained.

6:56

in older relatives. Yeah, it's

6:58

human nature, particularly for

7:00

any compounded by politics. Well,

7:03

right. Yeah. Which for a lot of

7:05

parents feel like, particularly older generations feel like,

7:07

politics feel are you're to cut me off

7:09

over that. You know, I didn't abuse

7:11

you. I gave you a good, decent, loving

7:13

childhood and you have had opportunities I've

7:15

never had and you're going to cut me

7:17

off because I voted for the party

7:19

that you didn't like. But yeah, I know

7:21

it's humiliating for a parent to hear

7:23

from their adult child. You failed me. You

7:25

hear hurt me. You neglected me. You traumatized

7:27

me. You emotionally abused me. And part

7:29

of it has to do with the language

7:31

of therapy. It empowers the younger generation

7:33

to make claims about their childhood or

7:35

who the parent is in ways that

7:37

are very hard for the parent to

7:39

completely defend themselves against? All right,

7:42

so I went swimming in the reddits to

7:45

find the flip side of

7:47

all those young people in

7:49

particular who said, I've

7:51

cut my parent out of my life. There's

7:54

the world of that, which is

7:56

like my parents a narcissist, my parent

7:58

has actually been. Emotionally abusive to

8:00

me in ways that they

8:03

will not acknowledge for a variety

8:05

of reasons reasons. may not have

8:07

noticed And that's what they noticed, and

8:09

then there is this world

8:11

creeping in there this world political ideology

8:13

political The reason why I wanna

8:16

bring this up this because you, you,

8:18

right, by definition, are hearing are

8:20

one side of the couch. the

8:22

couch. So for for example, let's say

8:24

and you and your daughter, another

8:26

another time, many decades she would have gone

8:28

would have gone through her

8:30

whole life and not said anything

8:32

to you because you're the

8:34

father, Because you're And her place in

8:36

her your family dynamic wasn't hers

8:38

to discuss with you. That

8:40

was part of our society, of

8:42

where women were in that right, where

8:44

and you were perfectly

8:46

within your you were to

8:49

be dismissive, defensive, uninterested in

8:51

how the family is shaped.

8:53

is in this new dynamic,

8:55

she could do that. She

8:57

could have that that. with you.

8:59

have that As it applies

9:01

to politics, I wonder if

9:03

there's something similar, meaning wonder can

9:05

now something similar, meaning you can now

9:07

the language to approach a parent and

9:10

say. a You know, when

9:12

you use that term or that

9:14

slur that slur or this idea. this idea,

9:16

values-wise, this this doesn't work

9:18

for me, me. Right? Like, and they

9:20

they can approach them in

9:22

a way. just that just wasn't

9:24

possible before. I think I think

9:27

that's absolutely true. I think that

9:29

the younger generations are having more more

9:31

therapy than were steeped in therapeutic

9:33

narratives narratives, and also families have become much

9:35

more, more, children just have more

9:37

power to give feedback to their

9:39

parents than than say, I might have given

9:42

to my parents at a at a

9:44

age and perhaps perhaps you as have more

9:46

inputs, right? inputs, right? you don't actually

9:48

have to be on a college

9:50

campus to, for instance, to, for instance, take

9:52

in... language about current

9:54

events and politics, right,

9:56

and that you can then then be

9:58

on a level. conversation with your

10:00

parent that in the past you could

10:03

not when like dad came home and

10:05

held the newspaper right or like took

10:07

it with him on the train like

10:10

your in the world in this in

10:12

a more fuller capacity you have more

10:14

tools to have a conversation with them.

10:16

Right, and I think that's the good

10:19

news of this moment. I see there's

10:21

a good news bad news. The good

10:23

news of this moment is that younger

10:25

generations are more equipped both through therapy

10:28

and the language of therapy and social

10:30

media. in all the various ways to

10:32

get information to approach their parent and

10:35

have a conversation that's more based on

10:37

a more among equals in ways that

10:39

earlier generations couldn't have and I think

10:41

that it's also an opportunity to have

10:44

a much more close intimate relationship than

10:46

say earlier generations might have had. And

10:48

are ready for, right? Because if someone

10:50

comes at you and you're like, well,

10:53

but we're not equals. You know what

10:55

I mean? Like, it feels like that

10:57

is that point of tension you mentioned

11:00

earlier. that is the biggest point of

11:02

tension that older generations don't haven't really

11:04

gotten the The message quite yet that

11:06

using the older language of you have

11:09

to respect me and you owe me

11:11

and this is your duty to me

11:13

and this is the way that you

11:15

show your respect for me, that doesn't

11:18

sale anymore. Younger generations basically aren't having

11:20

that. And they're calling that emotional abuse,

11:22

which is even more mystifying to the

11:24

parents. So yes, on politics, adult children

11:27

are much more empowered to be able

11:29

to say, well, I don't share your

11:31

values. And the people that you like

11:34

that you vote for it. You may

11:36

just say that you always vote repop.

11:38

but to me, this guy's a fascist,

11:40

and I won't have him in my

11:43

house, and I won't have him be

11:45

around my children. Ideally, people have these

11:47

conversations in a more respectful, calm way.

11:49

They often don't go that way, not

11:52

only outside of families, but within families.

11:54

But ideally, you can have a conversation

11:56

with anybody if it's come from a

11:59

position of respect. back in a back in a minute. this

12:01

is Kara Swisher you might have heard on

12:03

this this is Cara Swisher. You

12:05

might have heard me on the assignment

12:08

with and if you like that and if

12:10

you like that conversation, you might

12:12

also like my show, On New Swisher,

12:14

from New York Magazine and Vox If

12:16

you're If you're looking for smart,

12:18

substantive conversations, check out out Cara Swisher

12:20

wherever you get your podcasts. podcasts. One

12:24

One of the things I've often

12:26

wrestled with wrestled are generational shifts

12:29

in social in social in values, in

12:31

values, right? we treat we Americans is

12:33

different. How we treat gay

12:35

Americans. is different. treat gay that

12:37

families can be caught

12:39

in those shifts. can be caught in

12:42

those shifts, kids speak

12:44

up. up. How do do you talk

12:46

about that in a family dynamic? Because

12:48

I think about maybe interracial couples,

12:50

which was legalized in what, in 1967, in

12:52

what, 1968, with the Loving case. Those were, there there

12:54

were a lot of families that

12:56

had conversations that were like, were you're

12:58

not seeing these grandkids. And I

13:01

look back and think they were right. know what

13:03

know what I mean? Like hard for me

13:05

to have sympathy, thinking of

13:07

these stories. And over and over

13:09

again, as I read into this,

13:11

there were a lot of young

13:13

people, a lot around LGBT issues. around LGBT

13:15

issues, issues they did feel like it

13:17

wasn't just a value thing,

13:20

they felt like like that the

13:22

of things of things their parents

13:24

were still about. about we're

13:27

like actually fundamentally immoral in

13:29

some ways and that some ways and

13:31

that me understand. help me

13:33

understand Like what do you even advise?

13:35

How do you think about that? that? Yeah.

13:38

I kind of share that. I kind of share that.

13:40

I mean, I of of my sons is gay.

13:42

I was thinking, my parents were very supportive

13:44

when he came out. He's an adult came

13:46

out, he's an But I was thinking the other

13:48

day, well, if they hadn't been, know,

13:50

if they had been really critical of him,

13:52

if they'd been time he was over, they said

13:54

something like every whatever. was over, Or something they

13:57

didn't think was hostile. whatever they didn't But is.

13:59

Yeah. Or just is. and sensitive, it would

14:01

have been harder for me to support

14:03

him spending time around them or me

14:05

even bringing him around them that that's

14:07

what they were going to do. But

14:09

I would hope that I would have

14:11

been able to take some time to

14:13

try to educate them and get them

14:15

kind of up to speed because I

14:17

think a certain, you know, there's a

14:20

certain amount of kind of naivety that

14:22

it doesn't always just hate that animates

14:24

these conversations. Sometimes it's just people need

14:26

to be educated and people are better

14:28

educated through a kind approach initially. Now

14:30

maybe that won't work. Not everybody's persuaded.

14:32

I would hope that I could. would

14:34

be very provocative if you have a

14:36

child and your parents are taking a

14:38

perspective that you know is very hurtful

14:41

to them and their identity and self -esteem.

14:43

I would hope that I could start

14:45

out from a position of calmness and

14:47

kindness to try to educate them because

14:49

I think it's the only way anybody

14:51

gets educated. People don't get educated through

14:53

contempt and anger and criticism. Then

14:56

what's the kind of

14:58

mental checklist you have for

15:00

when do I need

15:02

to actually step away from

15:04

my relative? Especially

15:07

around these kinds of things we're

15:09

talking about, right? Those little actions that

15:11

are undermining your values. This is

15:13

kind of the flip side, right? Conversation

15:16

we had earlier. Do you actually

15:18

think about what goes into that decision?

15:20

What should go into that decision?

15:22

Yeah, no. I think about it a

15:24

lot because of the adult children

15:26

in my practice who are considering it.

15:28

We have to sort of go

15:31

through it. Dude diligence has to be

15:33

done on both sides. What does

15:35

that mean though for a normal person?

15:37

Is that like extra pancakes? Is

15:39

that right? So you're sitting down with

15:41

them and you're like, let's

15:44

actually break this down before you make this

15:46

decision. Have you A, B, and C? What

15:48

are the A, B, and C? Yeah, A, B,

15:50

and Cs are you approach the parent and

15:52

you say, look, I'm going to have a C?

15:54

conversation with you. There's a lot of things

15:56

about you as a parent that I like

15:58

or value that contributed to my... well-being around around, to know

16:01

but I'd need you to know and there's

16:03

something in the way that you communicate that I

16:05

find really hurtful and offensive and problematic, you

16:07

and I need you to work on that, and

16:09

I need you to be on to working on

16:11

it. about that I give you some feedback about

16:13

that? You know, if you have an old

16:15

school parent, they may go, no, you can't give

16:17

me feedback about what are you talking about,

16:19

I actually well, look, I actually need to have

16:21

the freedom that. Yeah, sounds like you're hearing from

16:23

HR. from HR. I'm not picking on you, but do you know what I mean?

16:25

not picking on you, but do you know

16:27

what I mean? Like I could feel some parents

16:30

listening. this and cringing like your kid

16:32

coming to you basically kind of like of like,

16:34

we need to have a conversation about your

16:36

communication style. communication style. Well, I I mean there

16:38

are only so many ways to have a

16:40

good conversation. But those

16:42

But political terms now

16:44

terms now, problematic. is considered a

16:46

a wokism. You you know what I

16:48

mean? So it feels like feels like that

16:50

political is hard. hard. I keep keep interrupting. No, it's No,

16:52

it's it's No, it's important. the Yeah, the political

16:55

conversations are probably the most difficult, but you

16:57

could just say, look, when you talk like

16:59

this, it makes me not want to spend

17:01

time around you, that we have really different

17:03

values around this. I understand you came to

17:05

your you came to because of your life experiences. life

17:07

I've come to it around mine, and I

17:09

really need you to to me about to me

17:12

about it in a different way, and particularly

17:14

around my children, talk to my children about

17:16

it in a different way, it in a and then

17:18

and then you know, give them some time to work

17:20

on it, I don't think don't think it should just

17:22

be one conversation, particularly if it's with a

17:24

parent or with a parent or If it keeps happening to

17:26

say, keeps this keeps happening. I feel like my

17:28

request is very reasonable. it's It's very basic. you

17:30

And if you can't abide by it, it's going

17:32

to make it harder for me to spend

17:34

time around you or bring my children around you.

17:37

So that you're something that you're willing to do?

17:39

If you're not willing to do it, then it

17:41

makes it harder for me to feel like

17:43

I want to spend time around you. And then

17:45

you may actually have to set the limit

17:47

of saying, limit of I'm just actually not going to

17:49

come over for the next to come months next three and

17:51

I want you to think about it. you mean,

17:53

ideally, it. I you might as you adult child offer

17:55

to do family therapy with them with work on

17:57

it if you have to have more of of

17:59

a supportive conversation around it. So those

18:02

are some of the steps that

18:04

I would take. It's interesting again

18:06

thinking of this in the context

18:08

of politics, right? Instead of like,

18:10

well, we have this family dynamic,

18:12

we're working through it, I feel

18:14

like some people receive that kind

18:16

of comment, what you've described as

18:18

like nonsense, like I said, just

18:20

like wokism. Like they can't tell

18:22

me how to think is how

18:24

they receive it. Right. Well, that's

18:26

why you have to put into

18:29

the context of your own feelings

18:31

about them in the relationship. You

18:33

could say, look, you get to

18:35

have your own beliefs about whatever,

18:37

but what you communicate to me,

18:39

I actually do get a sayover.

18:41

I do get a sayover. I

18:43

do get a sayover. I do

18:45

get a sayover, how you communicate

18:47

to me or communicate around my

18:49

children. You want to communicate about

18:51

this with other people. I guess

18:53

I have no control over that,

18:55

but if you're going to be

18:58

around me. What's your advice going

19:00

forward the next couple of months

19:02

as we talked about from this

19:04

survey? One in seven of these

19:06

people surveyed who are estranged Pointed

19:08

to politics and we are now

19:10

in a point where people do

19:12

feel like there's been some fundamental

19:14

schism right and What's your advice

19:16

to those people who are looking

19:18

around and saying, I'm blocking all

19:20

these family members? Like, I'm done

19:22

here. If they would vote for

19:24

this person or that person, that

19:27

makes no sense to me. And

19:29

we should say the survey found

19:31

that both liberal and conservative families

19:33

experience this. This is not a

19:35

story of just like how Trumpers

19:37

are being blocked, so to speak.

19:39

How do you want people to

19:41

think about it before they reach

19:43

for the block button before they

19:45

decide that's like one post too

19:47

far? Well,

19:49

I guess I wish that we

19:52

had a bigger embrace of the

19:54

other aspects of family beyond politics.

19:56

I don't think that our

19:58

particular moment where

20:00

politics has become

20:02

such a powerful

20:05

form of identity is

20:08

actually the right to of place to

20:10

land in terms of thinking about

20:12

whether or not to keep somebody in

20:14

your life. in your life. if you

20:16

if you consider do you consider politics right,

20:18

exactly. synonymous? they don't have to be so

20:20

synonymous. Somebody can be a good person

20:22

still vote for the person that you

20:24

actually hate. They They can also still contribute

20:26

a lot of value value to you

20:28

and your life and your children and the

20:31

rest of your family, even if you

20:33

hate their values. And just because they

20:35

vote for that person doesn't mean that

20:37

they embrace every single thing about them.

20:39

them. What toll can it take

20:41

on the person doing the so

20:44

to speak, to speak, who cuts people

20:46

off because a decision you make can

20:48

have reverberations in other ways down the

20:50

road, and how have you heard

20:52

it? you heard it? Well, the the older

20:54

I get, the more I'm hearing

20:56

from from a children whose parents are

20:58

now dead and they're regretting it. and

21:00

don't know that every person who's

21:02

a that every will regret it, but

21:04

clearly will will. So I think you

21:06

have to think about what the

21:08

life course is going to be

21:10

like for you. the you know, we're

21:13

living in a moment where we

21:15

have rising rates of mental illness, social

21:17

isolation, we have rising rates of loneliness

21:19

and friendlessness. Right. and rising rates of it

21:21

as an epidemic. Right. Right, it is an epidemic and it's

21:23

because we become so preoccupied with our

21:25

own boundaries our our own and our own and

21:27

our own identities and our own our own

21:29

of our mental health that first first of

21:32

all, we're not really recognizing the damage

21:34

that we do when we cut out

21:36

out people who still love us and

21:38

are committed to us, but we're also

21:40

cutting ourselves off from people who can

21:42

still bring a lot of value and

21:44

meaning and mattering to our own lives. you

21:46

know the know, the research on pursuing happiness

21:48

in this highly individualistic way that we

21:50

do it here actually doesn't typically lead...

21:53

to happiness, it typically leads more unhappiness

21:55

because it involves a much more more

21:57

of self -centered approach to happiness. approach

21:59

to happiness. Is there there any of of

22:01

final thought you want to leave with

22:03

us? You've been doing a lot of interviews

22:05

and I... and something you wish people would

22:07

talk about that they don't or something

22:09

you've thought about more as this research has

22:11

come out. about more as this research

22:13

mean, the thing that I think

22:15

the most about as a the most

22:17

about as a my field, as much

22:19

as it does a good job

22:21

of helping people and helping families

22:23

in this moment, I think that

22:26

we're failing a lot of families

22:28

because we're so preoccupied with the

22:30

person who's sitting in front of

22:32

us that we're not thinking about

22:34

the family as a system and

22:36

how much people are getting hurt

22:38

by it. We've become by it. sociologist

22:40

calls sociologist brokers, meaning we help people

22:43

detach from the feelings of the feelings

22:45

of ability or duty or obligation

22:47

or gratitude that earlier generations took

22:49

for granted. So my call call out is

22:51

for my fellow colleagues to become

22:53

more thoughtful and more mindful about

22:55

the way that we might encourage

22:57

encourage arrangements. Joshua Coleman, thank you so thank you

22:59

so much for exploring this with

23:02

us. We really appreciate you. Thank you.

23:04

Thank you. Joshua Joshua Coleman is a

23:06

psychologist a a senior fellow with

23:08

the the on Contemporary Families. He's

23:11

the author of the book of of

23:13

Rules of Why Adult Children Cut Ties

23:15

and How to Heal the Conflict. heal the

23:17

in case you were wondering, he

23:19

and his daughter reconciled and have a reconciled

23:22

and now have a close relationship.

23:25

The assignment is a The

23:27

assignment is a production of

23:29

audio. This This episode was

23:31

produced by Galloretta. Our senior

23:33

producer is Matt Martinez, Dan

23:35

Dan is our technical director,

23:37

and the executive producer

23:39

of CNN Audio is Steve

23:41

CNN audio We had support

23:43

from Dan had support from Dan Alex

23:45

Haley Thomas, Robert Maniseri, Robert Mathers, Lenny

23:47

Deenora, Lenny Steinhardt, James Andris, and Lisa

23:49

and Special thanks as always

23:51

to as always, to and thank

23:53

you for being with

23:55

us. being with us. sleep

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